The War Expands Section 7.2

Benjamin Franklin Sent to Paris to convince France to become America’s ally Becomes a celebrity due to his experiments France not ready to send help until…. We win Saratoga! Surrender of General Burgoyne John Trumbull

Help from Abroad France becomes our ally –Why help? –Bitter from French-Indian War Why did they wait? –Losing to Britain a 2 nd time = bad –America needed to prove it could win battles

French Help King Louis XVI of France –1778 Recognizes U.S. independence –Signs treaties- aids the U.S. and goes to war with Britain –Sent $$$, troops, and supplies

Spanish Help France convinces Spain (its ally) to help –Spanish presence already in North America What’s in it for Spain? –Extend territory in North America (they want Florida back) King Carlos III How is this bad for Britain? Prevented British attacking from the Southwest Forced them to fight more battles on land and sea Britain had multiple enemies to fight and became spread out (West Indies), using resources Not able to fully concentrate on fighting U.S.

Key Figures General Bernardo de Gálvez –Spanish governor of Louisiana –Took British strongholds in Louisiana and Florida –English troops had to fight Galvez instead of Americans –Expanded Spain’s North American Empire

Key Figures Marquis de Lafayette –Marie Jean Paul Joseph Roche Yves Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette –Was having dinner with George III’s brother and heard of the Declaration of Independence –Life-long friend to Washington –Used his own money to supply his troops

Key Figures Baron de Kalb –German officer in the French Army –Became a general in the Continental Army –Known for his bravery~ died from 11 wounds at the battle of Camden!!!! Baron von Steuben Helped train American soldiers Model Army How to use weapons properly He didn’t speak English!

Valley Forge Retreat from Philadelphia Hardships –Lack of supplies~ food and clothing –Sickness kills 25% of troops Civilian aid “Love of our country” and Washington

Summary: Once the Americans proved they could win battles, France was willing to become their ally. Spain was also convinced to join on the Americans side. The winter at Valley Forge was extremely difficult for the Continental Army, but proved to make them stronger and more dedicated.

Battle on the Frontier George Rogers Clark Lived in Kentucky and wanted to help defend it and the frontier- IL, IN “If a country is not worth protecting, it is not worth claiming.” Gather troops along the Ohio River numbering His troops take Kaskaskia without a fight Fort Sackville at Vincennes

War on the Frontier Meanwhile….. What to do… They’re troops are huuuuuuge!

War at Sea British presence in the Atlantic –Trade Routes –America= no Navy Privateers –Attack merchant ships –Share profits

War at Sea James Forten Volunteered to be a privateer on the Royal Louis Offered free trip to England after captured Walked BAREFOOT from New York to Philadelphia

War at Sea The Turtle First combat submarine Steered with one hand, cranked the propeller with the other hand, and used foot to work the pump Never succeeded in a mission

War at Sea Bonhomme Richard vs. Serapis John Paul Jones commander of Bonhomme British warships guarding supply ships “I have not yet begun to fight!” Fought the Serapis under a full moon Serapis’ captain surrenders and Jones sails away in it! What does this mean??? Angers the British Inspires the Americans WE STILL HAVE TO WIN THIS WAR ON LAND