EUROPE BEFORE WWI.

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EUROPE BEFORE WWI EUROPE AFTER WWI.

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Presentation transcript:

EUROPE BEFORE WWI

EUROPE AFTER WWI

REASONS FOR THE RISE OF “TOTALITARIAN” DICTATORS Treaty of Versailles Weimar Republic Economic Problems Great Depression Lost Faith in Democracy League of Nations use of Appeasement

CHARACTERISTICS OF “TOTALITARIAN” DICTATORSHIPS Large Militaries Propaganda Total Control R A C I S m State > Individual Censorship Anti-Democratic Secret Police Extreme Nationalism Gain Approval through Imperialism

BENIITO MUSSOLINI’S FASCIST ITALY “March on Rome” (1922) King Victor Emmanuel III feared civil war made Mussolini Prime Minister (eg. of Appeasement?) “Blackshirts” Il Duce (1925) Expected loyalty to Italy “Believe, Obey, Fight” 14 kids = medal educate youth “Sons of the Wolf” “Survival of the Fittest”

JOSEPH STALIN’S COMMUNIST RUSSIA 1924 – Lenin died before dying, warned against promoting Stalin power struggle between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky 1928 – Stalin becomes leader “5 Year Plan” Modernize USSR Oil/Coal/Steel “Collective Farms” Peasants forced to join Peasants resisted “Terror Famine” “Gulags”

JOSEPH STALIN’S COMMUNIST RUSSIA “Great Purge” (1934) purged enemies Characteristics of Communism “Classless society” Society controlled by government Terror Censorship Propaganda “Comintern” organization to promote revolution Opposite of capitalism “Red Scare”

FRANCISCO FRANCO’S SPAIN 1936 Spanish Civil War Franco led the “Nationalists” against Spain’s democratic government Germany and Italy sent soldiers and supplies to assist Franco “El Caudillo” Persecution , repression, censorship Guernica “weapons experiment”

-- Pablo Picasso’s “Guernica” --

Japan – Empire of the Rising Sun Hirohito – Emperor viewed as a god opposed war Hideki Tojo - Minister of War “War Hawks” gaining power expand/strengthen Japan make Japan self-sufficient growing population strained resources Hirohito Tojo

Japan – Empire of the Rising Sun 1924 U.S. “National Origins Act” put limits on immigration from Asia, but Europeans still allowed Japanese felt insulted…viewed as inferior Issei – foreign born Japanese immigrants in U.S. before 1924 Nisei – children of Issei born in U.S. 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria 7.7.1937 Japan attacked China Japan “claimed” they were fired on by Chinese troops at the Marco Polo Bridge…Japan used as an excuse to invade beginning of WWII in Asia raw materials // living space “Rape of Nanking” – murder of up to 250K innocent Chinese

Rise of Nazi Germany TREATY OF VERSAILLES Germany’s Punishment lost all colonial territory military reduced could not produce any war material no troops in Rhineland pay Reparations War Guilt Clause Sudetenland given to Czechoslovakia Anschluss forbidden

Rise of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler fought for Germany in WWI “Iron Cross” 1919 joined Nazi Party 1921 leader of Nazi Party promised to correct Germany’s problems

Rise of Nazi Germany Beer Hall Putsch (1923) “Mein Kampf” failed Hitler thrown into jail “Mein Kampf” Nazi bible Aryan Race Lebensraum “Blame Game” Weimar Republic “Stabbed in the Back” Jews

Rise of Nazi Germany 1924 Nazis had 32 seats in the Reichstag 1924 Dawes Plan helped Germany’s economy strengthen 1928 Nazis had 12 seats in the Reichstag “Black Tuesday” (10/29/1929) Great Depression strengthened Hitler/Nazis 1933 Nazi Party is largest political party in the Reichstag 288 seats in the Reichstag 1933 -- Hitler appointed Chancellor (appeasement?)

A Battle for Germany: Nazi anti-communist book from 1933 Rise of Nazi Germany Reichstag Fire (Feb 1933) Terrorism or Nazi propaganda? Exploited people’s fears of Communist takeover began using “Martial Law” Enabling Acts (3/23/1933) passed by Reichstag to giving Hitler power to make any law necessary to protect Germany symbolic beginning of dictatorship “SS” – motto – “My honor is called loyalty” Hitler’s “Praetorian Guard” Gestapo A Battle for Germany: Nazi anti-communist book from 1933

Rise of Nazi Germany Night of Long Knives (6/30/1934) purged Nazi opponents 8/2/1934 President Von Hindenburg dies Hitler takes control “Der Fuhrer” – “Today Germany, Tomorrow the World” Third Reich 8/19/1934 90% approval in plebescite vote “Hitler Youth” (HJ) (Hitler HJ Video) “Triumph of the Will” Nazi Propaganda 1934 Nuremberg Rally 1938 Time Magazine’s “Man of the Year”