Video Timeline By: Karlee Post

1882 Étienne-Jules Marey invented a chronophotographic gun in 1882, which was capable of taking 12 consecutive frames a second, recording all the frames on the same picture. He used the chronophotographic gun for studying animals and human locomotion.

1889 On June 21, 1889, William Friese-Greene was issued patet no for his 'chronophotographic' camera. It was apparently capable of taking up to ten photographs per second using perforated celluloid film. A report on the camera was published in the British Photographic News on February 28, On 18 March, Friese-Greene sent a clipping of the story to Thomas Edison, whose laboratory had been developing a motion picture system known as the Kinetoscope. William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, commissioned by Thomas Alva Edison, builds the first motion-picture camera and names it the Kinetograph.

1891 William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, commissioned by Thomas Alva Edison, builds the first motion-picture camera and names it the Kinetograph.

1894 The Edison Corporation establishes the first motion-picture studio, a Kinetograph production center nicknamed the Black Maria (slang for a police van) 1894 Edison unveils Kinetoscope, a device that allows one person at a time to view motion pictures. The first Kinetoscope parlor opens at 1155 Broadway in New York City. Spectators can watch films for 25 cents.

1895 In France, Auguste and Louis Lumière hold the first private screening. The brothers invent the Cinématograph, a combination camera and projector. The image of an oncoming train is said to have caused a stampede.

1897 In 1897, Robert W. Paul had the first real rotating camera head made to put on a tripod, so that he could follow the passing processions of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee in one uninterrupted shot. This device had the camera mounted on a vertical axis that could be rotated by a worm gear driven by turning a crank handle, and Paul put it on general sale the next year. Shots taken using such a "panning" head were also referred to as "panoramas" in the film catalogues of the first decade of the cinema.

1903 Edison Corporation mechanic Edwin S. Porter turns cameraman, director and producer to make The Great Train Robbery. With 14 shots cutting between simultaneous events, this 12- minute short establishes the shot as film's basic element and editing as a central narrative device. It is also the first Western.

1905 The first movie theater opens in Pittsburgh.

1909 The New York Times publishes the first movie review, a report on D. W. Griffith's Pippa Passes.

1910 Thomas Edison introduces his kinetophone, which makes talkies a reality.

1911 The first feature film is released when the two reels of D. W. Griffith's Enoch Arden are screened together.

1912 Photoplay debuts as the first magazine for movie fans

1914 In his second big-screen appearance, Charlie Chaplin plays the Little Tramp, his most famous character. Winsor McCay unleashes Gertie the Dinosaur, the first animated cartoon.

1915 D. W. Griffith's technically brilliant Civil War epic, The Birth of a Nation, introduces the narrative close-up, the flashback and other elements that endure today as the structural principles of narrative filmmaking.

1920s The first television camera by Philo Taylor Fansworth, which converted the image captured into an electrical signal. Back then films were used to record images.

1941 In Citizen Kane, Orson Welles subordinates all previous technological and cinematic accomplishments to his own essentially cinematic vision. Using newly developed film stocks and a wider, faster lens, Welles pushes the boundaries of montage and mise-en- scène, as well as sound, redefining the medium.

1950s Some companies started looking into using a form of magnetic tape to record live images from television. Charles Ginsburg led a team of researchers at Ampex Corporation in developing a video recorder, which led to the invention of the first VTR (video tape recorder).

1951 The VTR started the recording of live images from television cameras, which converted these images into electrical impulses saved onto magnetic tapes

1968 & The motion picture rating system debuts with G, PG, R and X 1990-The X rating is replaced by NC-17 (no children under 17).

1971 Sony sold their first VCR (video cassette recorder).

1981 Sony unveiled the first digital camera--the Sony Mavica (magnetic video camera). It made use of a fast-rotating magnetic disc approximately 2 inches in diameter.