6 th Regional Coordination Meeting Amman – Jordan, 11-13/11/ 2014 Water Management Strategies and Impacts on Livelihoods in (Abyan Delta - Yemen) By: Dr. Khader Balem Atroosh, WLI Focal Point, Yemen Dr. Samir Abdulrahman Mohamed, Socio-Economic Researcher Eng. Ahmed Hassan Salem Biophysical Researcher

WLI Goal and Intended Outputs Please insert a picture that represents your work Overall Goal: to improve the livelihoods of rural households and communities in areas where water scarcity, land degradation, and associated problems are prevalent. Intended Outputs: 1. Integrated water and land-use strategies for policy-making, tools for sustainable benchmark management and organizational mechanisms for community inclusion at the benchmark site. 2. Enhanced knowledge, skills and qualifications for key stakeholders in the benchmark sites. 3. Improved rural livelihoods of farmers in the benchmark sites through the adoption of sustainable land and water management practices and livelihood strategies. National Policy Objectives in (Yemen): 1 1. National agriculture sector strategy : To sustainable agricultural development National water sector strategy and investment program, (NWSSIP), water use efficiency National irrigation program, water productivity, more crop per drop.

(Abyan Delta, Yemen) Benchmar Target population  households  (census 2004) total inhabitants  51.3 % adult male, 48.7 % adult female FTF Indicator: Number of hectares under improved technologies or management practices as a result of USG assistance: (11 ha) or management practices as a result of USG assistance: (11 ha) Benchmark site (53,600ha) latitudes 13 o 04’ to 13 o 18’ N, and longitudes 45 o 08’ to 45 o 30’ E. Upscaling area (xxha) Agroecosystem (53,600 ha) Pilot area(s) for data collection(6 ha)

WLI, Yemen, Annual FTF Indicator for 2014 Indicator/Disaggregation Yemen 2014 TargetActual Technology type Crop and /or animal genetics 13 Irrigation 64 Total w/one or more improved technology 77 New 25 Continuing 52 Sex of landowners Male (5): Number of farmers and others who have applied new technologies or management practices as a result of USG assistance New 5 Continuing 86 Sex Male 711 Female (11): Number of food security private enterprises (for profit), producers organizations, water users associations, women's groups, trade and business associations, and community-based organizations (CBOs) receiving USG assistance Type of organization Producers organizations 1 Women's groups 12 New (39): Number of new technologies or management practices in one of the following phases of development: (Phase I/II/III) Phase 3: Number of new technologies or management practices made available for transfer as a result of USG assistance 62

Technology Transfer of Supplementary Irrigation Technique for Spate Irrigated Sesame in the Abyan Delta of Yemen Objective: increase crop production and water productivity as well as improve the income Material and Methods: 1.Four fields cultivated by spate irrigated sesame were selected. 2. Each field was divided into two parts, one to add supplemental irrigation and the other by using Farm practices (without supplementary irrigation). 3. One irrigation by spate water was added before planting and 100 mm supplemental irrigation by well water was added at the beginning of flowering stage with addition 60kg/ ha of fertilizer urea (46% N). 4. For estimation the moisture content and bulk density, soil samples were taken before irrigation and after 24-hour of irrigation and at the harvest from the depths of 140 cm. 5. The soil water content was followed every months of the season. 6.Gross margin were calculated by using balance equation. Eng. Ahmed Hassan Salem Eng. Ali Ahmed Yehya Eng. Ryad Ahmed Mohamed Tech. Anwar Mabrook Progress report

Results and Discussion: Date of spate irrigation, sowing and supplementary irrigation in selected fields NoFarmer's name Date of spate irrigation Date of sowing Date of supplementary irrigation 1Rashad Fadhle A.4/8/201421/8/201427/9/2014 2Nasr Zein Al-Shabhi3/8/201417/8/201420/9/2014 3Sheikh Nasr Alabsi3/8/20147/9/201412/10/2014 4Nabeel Tobeek6/9/201421/9/201423/10/2014

Length of Sesame plants ( cm ) after two months Farmer's nameTechniqueControl Rashad Fadhle A Nasr Zein Al-Shabhi Average Farmer's name Soil moisture content before application Soil moisture content after application Amount of stored water %mm% Rashad Fadhle A Nasr Zein Al-Shabhi Sheikh Nasr Alabsi Amount of stored water before and after application of supplementary irrigation

Some Pictures of soil moisture content following up

Objective: To provide alternative fodders complies with water scarcity and characterized with less water consumption Material and Methods: 1. three sites were selected in Abyan Delta, a) farm of Hussein Albehani b) farm of Mohamed Alshadadi c) farm of Shahab Almashhor. 2. The first two farms were planted in 10 and 11/04/2013, while the third in Seedlings was quoted from national Livestock Research Center. 4. The planting space was 50 x 50 cm. 5.5 irrigations were added during the first cutting and 2 irrigations were added during the remaining cuttings, the irrigation interval was days. 6. Data collection on seedling rate stability, growth, plant height, average length of spike and productivity of fodder per square meter were recorded. Eng. Abdullah Qassem Magram Eng. Sina Mahfood Ali Introduction and Dissemination of Lipid Forage Cultivation (Cenchrus ciliaris) Irrigated by Well Water to the Marginal Land in the Abyan Delta Irrigated by Well Water to the Marginal Land in the Abyan Delta

Water Productivity of Lipid at Hussein Mubarak Albehani Farm No. Date of Harvest Number of irrigation Amount of Irrigation Water Yield, Ton/ha WUE, kg/m 3 Forage 112/6/ /07/ /08/ /09/ /10/ /11/ /12/ /01/ /02/ /03/ /4/ /5/ /6/ Results and Discussion:

Water Productivity of Lipid at Mohamed Alshadadi Farm No. Date of Harvest Number of irrigation Amount of Irrigation Water Yield, Ton/ha WUE, Kg/m 3 Forage 112/6/ /07/ /08/ /09/ /10/ /11/ /12/ /01/ /02/ /03/ /4/ /5/ /6/

Some pictures of introduced lipid

13 Abyan Assessment of gross margin of cultivated crops in the Abyan Delta. Samir Abdullrahman Mohamed Khader Balam Atroosh Socio-Economic activities Socio-Economic activities

14 Abyan 1. Assessment of gross margin of cultivated crops in the Abyan Delta. Objectives of the study Determine the economic profitability of agricultural production in the Abyan Delta through gross margin calculation of the prevailing crops. Analysis of the economic return for different crops under prevalent irrigation systems (spate and wells), and calculate the productivity of irrigation water in both systems.

 A representative sample consisting of 30 cultivated fields was selected (up-, mid- and downstream).  fields are cultivated with vegetables (tomato and onion)  Agricultural operations of crops were registered and applied amounts of production factors.  Data collection by using written questionnaires.  calculation of the gross margin (output – variable costs) Methodology

Results and discussion DescriptionUnitOnionTomato Sorghum (fodder) Sorghum (grain) Ground- nut Sesame Maize (fodder) Yield (main)kg/ha Yield (secondary)kg/ha Output revenuesUS $/ha Variable Cost: MachineryUS $/ha Martial CostUS $/ha Labour CostUS $/ha Water Irrigation CostUS $/ha Total variables CostUS $/ha Gross MarginUS $/ha Irrigation Waterm 3 /ha Water ProductivityUS $/m

Recommendations Strengthen the role of agricultural extension, particularly water extension. Extensive campaigns of awareness of the agricultural community. Support of development organizations such as USAID and the World Bank, are very important tools for an effective instrument to implementation of saving water technologies. Strict application of the research recommendations related to water requirements to increase water productivity.

1.Assessment of the Adoption of Irrigation Techniques for main crops in Abyan Delta Progress report The main objective to identify the indicators for adoption of irrigation technology for the most important crops under well irrigation system in Delta Abyan. The following technologies have been selected: Water requirements for the banana mm. Water requirements for long staple cotton 600 mm Water requirements of sesame 450 mm Water requirements of groundnut mm Irrigation rates and due time of supply of maize 450 mm Supplemental irrigation of sesame 100 mm

Martial and methods A Sample of farmers consisted of 50 farmers for each crop was selected in the Abyan Delta. Data for this study were collected by the preparing of a special questionnaire served the objectives. The questionnaire consists of two parts (a)personal data (age, education level, land tenure, income....etc.) and (b) measurement of the farmers trends towards the adoption of technology. The study depended on descriptive and quantitative analysis For measuring adoption was used the following indicators: 1) Rate of adoption 2) Degree of adoption 3) Intensity of adoption

Results and discussion (The technology of water requirement for banana) Adoption's indicators of water requirement for banana in Abyan Delta No.IndicatorValue 1Rate of Adoption34% 2Degree of Adoption60% 3Intensity of Adoption20% Predicted Adoption level for the technology of water requirement for banana Predicted years to peak adoption20.4 Predicted peak level of adoption91% Year innovation first adopted or expected to be adopted2006 Year innovation adoption level measured2014 Adoption level in that year34% Predicted adoption level in 5 years from start23.6% Predicted adoption level in 10 years from start71.5%

Adoption and diffusion outcome prediction of Water requirement for Banana in Abyan Delta

The main Difficulties 1. Use of ADOPT program for the first time in the evaluation and adoption of technologies and not enough experience of the team about it had a difficulty in data interpretation in particular with regard to sensitivity analysis. 2. lack of supply of diesel, was the reason for not irrigating crops regularly, as a result of stopped running of well pumps.