Wide Area Networks What is a WAN Internet and WWW Types of Networks Global and Regional Networks Metropolitan Area Networks WANS Internet and WWW Types of connections used in gaming

Types of Computer Networks A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that connects a cluster of users and devices within a building and is managed on site. Multiple LANs can be internetworked together to form Building Area Networks (BANs) or Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs). LANs, BANs, and MANs can be internetworked together over large geographical regions to form Wide Area Networks (WANs). Some networks are confined to a building or office while others encompass a city or are even global Localized networks, that is, those limited to a building or campus, can be for voice, data, or both. Copyright 2003 Cisco Press

Global and Regional Networks The telephone system is a global network allowing users from virtually anywhere in the world to call another user. The global telephone network is composed of smaller telephone networks from each country. Telephones, for example, are physically connected to each other by telephone cable. A call from San Francisco, California to Sydney, Australia is first routed to a local telco (telephone central office). The call is then forwarded through a series of telcos until it reaches one that serves the telephone cables that have an international connection. Now the signals are sent through the cables that are laid on the floor of the Pacific Ocean. When the call reaches a telco in Australia, it is then routed through another series of telcos until it finally reaches the destination telephone in Sydney. Similarly, data is transferred through cables, whether to the computer of a coworker across the room or across the world. Copyright 2003 Cisco Press

Metropolitan Area Networks When two or more LANs are linked within a city or limited geographic area, it is called a metropolitan-area network (MAN). A university or government that has several campuses or departments (each with its own LAN) within a metropolitan area can directly interconnect these LANs to create a MAN so that resources and data can be shared. Users do not connect directly to a MAN, rather they connect to a LAN, which in turn connects to the MAN. Similarly, users connect to a WAN by first connecting to a LAN. Copyright 2003 Cisco Press

Wide Area Networks A wide-area network (WAN) has few geographic limits. WANs can cover a city, country, or even the entire world. The Internet is an example of a WAN. Since WANs connect users across great distances, they are also used by large corporations to communicate efficiently and quickly between offices within a country or around the world. Copyright 2003 Cisco Press

Where the WEB Originated, the Internet ARPANET 1969 - 1989 Internet growth Uses of the Internet (ftp, e-mail, games, Gopher) European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) (Centre European pour la Recherche Nucleaire) National Center for Supercomputer Applications World Wide Web a.k.a. WEB

The ARPANET 1969 - 1989 Advanced Research Projects Agency 1957 post Sputnik ARPANET Sept 1969 U of Utah 50Kbps SRI UCSB 50Kbps 50Kbps 50Kbps UCLA

Internet Growth 172 Million Hosts 36 Million 130,000 1981 210 1969 4 1981 210 1969 1989 1998 2003

Early (Command line based) Uses of the Internet Early (Command line based) ftp (a.k.a. file transfer protocol) e-mail (similar look and feel to ftp) text based games gopher sites www.charm.net/ftp.sites.html ftp.spry.com Password: anonymous

European Laboratory for Particle Physics Founded in 1949 Approx. 8000 personnel Created the WEB Server Protocol -1990 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Hypertext Markup Language Side Effect of CERN’s research CERN also created a browser Character based Needed a Nextstep computer

National Center for Supercomputer Applications NCSA In 1992 the world had 50 WEB Sites NCSA Mosaic - 1993 (Marc Andreesen) Netscape - 1994 100,000+ WEB Sites Dec 1995 Microsoft Declares War on Netscape Exponential growth Mosaic/Netscape GUI Interface

World Wide Web a.k.a. WEB Internet traffic Client Server System Millions of Sites (Servers) 100s of Millions - browsers (clients) Internet traffic Number of Hosts https://www.isc.org/solutions/survey/history Number of Users http://phys.org/news/2011-01-internet-users- worldwide-billion.html Not bad for a side-effect

WANs used for Gaming Probably the first that would come to mind would be the state wide progressives Megabucks Aristocrat's newest multi-site progressive, Loco Loot Usually found at Indian Casinos State-wide slot jackpot network Owned and run by the International Game Technology (IGT) Operated in many states: Nevada California New Jersey Mississippi

WANs used for Gaming Megabucks State-wide slot jackpot network History The networks don’t cross state lines Thus each state that has a Megabucks network has their own jackpot that is independent of the other ones History The version in Nevada has operated for approximately 22 years Communications When it started only leased lines and dial up service s from the telephone companies Types of services available starting in the 1980s Dial-up using ISDN or POTS Frame Relay

WANs used for Gaming Megabucks Aristocrat‘s Hyperlink Produces Communications Many older installs still use their original network connections Aristocrat‘s Hyperlink Produces Examples Local Loot Supports local and multisite progressive slot games Cash Express Player’s World Characteristics Hyperlink is a patented linked progressive gaming product developed by Aristocrat. Banks of gaming machines are linked together to drive the randomly triggered four level jackpot.

WANs used for Gaming Aristocrat‘s Hyperlink Produces Characteristics Jackpot is triggered at random and players move into a second screen feature to determine what level of the jackpot is won Communications technologies Now Available Virtual Private Networks over shared networks Leased private networks Leased communications lines Dial-up