Decade : Diana Soltani, Eric Mooney, Andrew McMane

1981: IBM PC 5150 ❖ One of the best-selling systems of all time, with over 12 million units sold. ❖ 8-bit processors ❖ It was relatively cheap at the time ($1,500) ❖ Used a version of BASIC (programming language) ❖ One of the best-selling systems of all time, with over 12 million units sold. ❖ 8-bit processors ❖ It was relatively cheap at the time ($1,500) ❖ Used a version of BASIC (programming language) 1982: Commodore : IBM PC : Commodore 64 ❖ Was the benchmark PC of its time, boasting an Intel 8088 processor, and 16 kB of base memory. ❖ CGA (Color Graphics Adapter): Peripheral that allowed for the display of colored images, replacing monochrome graphics. ❖ 8-bit processors ❖ Analog-to-Digital port (A-to-D port): 15-pin connector port, enabling usage of joysticks, gamepads (gaming controllers) and other devices with the computer. ❖ Was the benchmark PC of its time, boasting an Intel 8088 processor, and 16 kB of base memory. ❖ CGA (Color Graphics Adapter): Peripheral that allowed for the display of colored images, replacing monochrome graphics. ❖ 8-bit processors ❖ Analog-to-Digital port (A-to-D port): 15-pin connector port, enabling usage of joysticks, gamepads (gaming controllers) and other devices with the computer.

Pioneers in Quantum Computing Richard Feynman creates the field of quantum computing in While conventional computers use electronic circuits to store information (in a form known as ‘bits’), a quantum computer relies on ‘qubits’, which use subatomic particles (such as electrons and photons) instead of much larger circuits. These particles exhibit quantum-mechanical properties - most notably, superposition, which is when a particle exists in multiple states at once. This means that a qubit, unlike traditional bits, could be both active and inactive (in binary, both 1 and 0) at the same time, greatly increasing processing speeds, as a single qubit can do multiple calculations. Today, quantum computing is still in its infancy; the only commercially sold quantum computer costs 10 million dollars Pioneers in Quantum Computing Richard Feynman creates the field of quantum computing in While conventional computers use electronic circuits to store information (in a form known as ‘bits’), a quantum computer relies on ‘qubits’, which use subatomic particles (such as electrons and photons) instead of much larger circuits. These particles exhibit quantum-mechanical properties - most notably, superposition, which is when a particle exists in multiple states at once. This means that a qubit, unlike traditional bits, could be both active and inactive (in binary, both 1 and 0) at the same time, greatly increasing processing speeds, as a single qubit can do multiple calculations. Today, quantum computing is still in its infancy; the only commercially sold quantum computer costs 10 million dollars.

Microsoft, the company Bill Gates and Paul Allen co-founded, tried developing versions of existing operating systems, such as Pascal and BASIC, before finding one that it wanted to purchase. The pair bought the rights to an OS by Seattle Computer Products (known as QDOS) on July 27, 1981, and used it as a foundation; this endeavor led to the creation of Disk Operating System, or DOS for short. IBM allowed Gates and Allen to keep the marketing rights to it. In August of 1981, MS-DOS was released. Paul Allen would later leave Microsoft in Intel, a manufacturer of processors and hardware upgrades, created the processor in Codenamed P2, this was the first processor to be backwards compatible with older versions. Microsoft, the company Bill Gates and Paul Allen co-founded, tried developing versions of existing operating systems, such as Pascal and BASIC, before finding one that it wanted to purchase. The pair bought the rights to an OS by Seattle Computer Products (known as QDOS) on July 27, 1981, and used it as a foundation; this endeavor led to the creation of Disk Operating System, or DOS for short. IBM allowed Gates and Allen to keep the marketing rights to it. In August of 1981, MS-DOS was released. Paul Allen would later leave Microsoft in Intel, a manufacturer of processors and hardware upgrades, created the processor in Codenamed P2, this was the first processor to be backwards compatible with older versions. & &

1982: Jupiter Ace 1984: Apple Macintosh 1982: Jupiter Ace ❖ Utilized FORTH (programming language) ➢ Used less memory ➢ Faster language ❖ Only had 1 kB of RAM ❖ 8-bit ❖ Set new standards ❖ It was among the most powerful computers that money could buy. ❖ The Macintosh II series continued in : Apple Macintosh ❖ Utilized FORTH (programming language) ➢ Used less memory ➢ Faster language ❖ Only had 1 kB of RAM ❖ 8-bit ❖ Set new standards ❖ It was among the most powerful computers that money could buy. ❖ The Macintosh II series continued in : Apple Macintosh

1985: Atari ST ❖ First 16-bit computer ❖ Featured MIDI sound support. ❖ The Atari became a popular gaming machine as it had: ➢ GUI (Graphical User Interface) ➢ High-end graphics ❖ Sold over 4 million units ❖ Last 8-bit machine released by Commodore ❖ Lacked a decent heating system within the PC 1985: Commodore : Atari ST 1985: Commodore 128 ❖ First 16-bit computer ❖ Featured MIDI sound support. ❖ The Atari became a popular gaming machine as it had: ➢ GUI (Graphical User Interface) ➢ High-end graphics ❖ Sold over 4 million units ❖ Last 8-bit machine released by Commodore ❖ Lacked a decent heating system within the PC

1985: The Introduction of Windows 1.0 ❖ New operating system by Microsoft ❖ Instead of typing commands, you click your way through screens or “windows”. ❖ It introduced: ➢ Drop-down menus ➢ Scroll bars ➢ Icons ➢ Dialog boxes ❖ It made programs easier to use. ❖ Included: ➢ Paint ➢ Windows Writer ➢ Notepad ➢ Calculator ➢ Calendar and a Clock ❖ New operating system by Microsoft ❖ Instead of typing commands, you click your way through screens or “windows”. ❖ It introduced: ➢ Drop-down menus ➢ Scroll bars ➢ Icons ➢ Dialog boxes ❖ It made programs easier to use. ❖ Included: ➢ Paint ➢ Windows Writer ➢ Notepad ➢ Calculator ➢ Calendar and a Clock 1985: The Introduction of Windows 1.0

❖ Fujifilm developed a disposable camera currently familiar today (Utsurun). ❖ Used 35mm film ❖ Cheaply sold, the Utsurun was released in 1986 ➢ It quickly became widely accepted. ➢ Companies such as Canon and Nikon started to produce their own disposable cameras. 1986: Disposable Camera ❖ Fujifilm developed a disposable camera currently familiar today (Utsurun). ❖ Used 35mm film ❖ Cheaply sold, the Utsurun was released in 1986 ➢ It quickly became widely accepted. ➢ Companies such as Canon and Nikon started to produce their own disposable cameras.