PROSPECT OF MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT THROUGH CDM PROJECT IN INDONESIA By Masnellyarti Hilman Deputy Minister for Nature Conservation Enhancement and Environmental Destruction Control

Scheme of Municipal Waste Management in Indonesia Environmental Pollution Increasing of Consumption of Natural Resources and Material Increasing of using packaging, such as paper, plastic bottles, plastic bags, cans, etc Domestic Waste Increase (2% – 4% per year) Facility and Infrastructure are not feasible Population Increase HOW TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEMS ?

Existing Condition of Municipal Waste Management in Indonesia  National Regulation regarding to Municipal Waste Management still has not been set up  Local Regulation regarding to Municipal Waste Management mostly still has not been set up too  Technical Guidance to manage municipal waste is still not being implemented well

Solid Waste Problems in Indonesia  Inconsistency policy in handling municipal waste  Mostly city has not a consistent master plan for managing solid waste, because management for municipal waste is only a temporary planning  Municipal waste is still not become an important priority in local government policy

Solid Waste Problems in Indonesia …… (continue)  Limited budget for handling municipal waste, which cause:  Limited investment for sanitary facility  Limited operational and maintenance cost for sanitary facility  Difficulty in increasing quality and quantity in sanitary services  Local government can not develop a proper final disposal that care about sanitary and environment aspect.  The final disposal which is not sanitary landfill could produce leachate that cause water pollution; and also smoke and smell that cause air emission

The Existing Condition of Final Municipal Waste Disposal Area in Indonesia  Condition of many final municipal waste management center is still not being constructing and operating regardless the environmental issues  There is no sorting mechanism in managing municipal waste in Indonesia

Managing Municipal Waste in Indonesia  Directly brought to the Final Disposal Area (TPA) 40.09%  Landfilling 7.54%  Treating (Composting and Recovery) 1.61%  Incinerated 35.49%  Others (Throwing to the environment) 15.27% Source : BPS-2001

Types of Final Disposal Area (TPA) in Indonesia  Sanitary Landfill note: Bantar Gebang, Jakarta (not operated optimally)  Control Landfill note: 10 TPA in metropolitan and big city (not operated optimally)  Open Dumping note: almost in all Indonesian cities  Last identified by MoE in year 2004, there are 62 TPA classified as Open Dumping and only 1 is Control Landfill (Bantar Gebang)

Government Efforts  Monitoring and evaluating environmental institution performance based on municipal/solid waste management, green area and water pollution control aspects and also based on criteria and indicator have been accepted  Increasing Stakeholdes capacity building in environmental management through training and workshop for local government, NGOs, community leader and university.  Supporting working group among the local government in environemntal management  Developing ADIPURA Program especially for information sytem in Bali and Nusa Tenggara and also geographyc aplication information system in Sumatera  Developing community complaining system  Building Pilot project for domestic waste management by implementing 4R method

ADIPURA PROGRAM  ADIPURA program is a voluntary program designed by the Ministry of Environment to encourage local government being good environmental governance to create clean and green city.  Scope of work is still focusing on city (province) area but at last it will cover all the districs area.  Program ADIPURA structure criteria is using two indicators which are physic indicator and non-physic indocator. Physic indicator is a reflection of city’s infrasturucture condition (such as: housing, river, beach) that related with clean and green city issue. And non-physic indicator is an indicator of the environmental management.

Roles of Private Sector  Private sector participation in managing municipal waste is still very little. Only Bantar Gebang has been managed by private sector PT. Patriot Bangkit Bekasi.  We need more industry contribution for 3R issues (Recycling, Reduction and Recovery) in waste management  How to convince private sector that managing waste is having economic value

Roles of Community  The community participation right now is not optimum so it needs an effot to become more systematic and synergy participation regarding with waste managemet institution to gain a harmonize relationship.  Socialization mechanism is needed to educate people in managing their waste in a good way.  How to create public awareness for Indonesia people  Incentive for public who has participated in reducing their household waste Roles of International Institution Supporting stackholders (private and public sector) in increasing their bussiness oppurtunity through well municipal waste management by giving grant or subsidy

National Criteria for Sustainable Development 1.Environmental sustainability by practicing natural resource conservation and diversification ~ Maintain sustainability of local ecological functions ~ Not exceeding the threshold of existing national, as well as local, environmental standards (not causing air, water and/or soil pollution) ~Maintaining genetic, species, and ecosystem biodiversity and not permitting any genetic pollution ~Complying with existing land use planning 2 …

2. Local community health and safety 3. Local community welfare (Not lowering local community’s income) 4. There are adequate measures to overcome the possible impact of lowered income of community members 5. Not lowering local public services 6. Local community participation in the project 7. Technology transfer (Not using experimental or obsolete technologies and should Enhancing the capacity and utilization of local technology)

Waste to Energy through CDM Project  Encourage energy diversification or conservation program  Encourage clean energy or clean energy technology development  Encourage preservation of environmental functions  Utilization of Landfill Gas (Methane) ~ Potential to reduce Green House Gas ~ Reducing methane emission  methane capture ~ Landfill gas emissions impacts can be mitigated by collecting the gas from the landfill and burning it for collecting the gas from the landfill and burning it for use as a fuel source use as a fuel source ~ It could contribute to the improvement of the economy and sustainable development in Indonesia economy and sustainable development in Indonesia

Identified Waste-to-Energy Projects Waste-to-Energy (about 0.6 MT/year)  PT. Bioenergi Surya Persada & YCBI, Malang: Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to Energy 17,000 T/Year  PT. Bioenergi Surya Persada & YCBI, Surabaya: MSW to Energy 30,000 T/Year  PT. Navigat Organik Energi Indonesia, Bali: MSW to Energy 2 x 10 MW:500,000 T/Year

DNA (Designated National Authority)  Ministry Degree Number 206 year 2005 regarding the DNA for CDM  Functions of the DNA  Regulatory (mandatory) - Granting recommendation to CDM project proposals that pass Indonesia’s sustainable development criteria - Tracking and annual reporting to the UNFCCC Secretariat  Promotional (optional) - Facilitating communications between investors and project proponents as well as other stakeholders - Facilitating capacity building for Indonesian institutions to be able to propose and implement CDM projects - Providing information on available CERs and/or CERs potential to potential buyers

Conclusions  The amount of municpal waste per capacity is linear with population.  In general, metropolitan and big city population produce more waste than middle and small city population.  Local governments should increase their budget for managing municipal waste to achieve more clean city.  By having sorting system in handling municipal waste, it reveals a big opportunity for producing composting and also for recovery plastic waste and paper waste with high quality and have marketable.

Conclusions …(continue)   Need to change government point of view in building Final Municipal Waste Disposal. Substitute open dumping to sanitary landfill. It is judicious to build regional sanitary landfill which then be operated and protected together among some cities/districts  Landfill Gas Utilization could be one of the options to solve municipal waste management in Indonesia that concerning environmental aspect and has additional criteria. It also fulfill the criteria to become CDM Project.