Chapter 21 – Progressives & Reformers Lesson 3 Objectives 1.What Progressive reforms did Theodor Roosevelt support? 2.What was Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom program? 3.How was big business regulated during the Progressive Era?

A Reforming President William McKinley chooses Theodore Roosevelt as his running mate for the 1900 Presidential Election. McKinley is assassinated in 1901, TR becomes the nation’s youngest president.

Leon Czolgosz

Teddy Roosevelt Old, wealthy NY family. Suffered from asthma & was sick a lot Lifted weights, ran, & boxed Entered politics after college. Supported progressive goals. Hated corruption and felt gov. should protect the public interest.

“goo-goo” Age 26, NY State Legislature 1884, wife & mother died the same day. Quit politics & moved to ND to work on cattle ranch. Two years later, returned to East and politics. Served on the Civil Service Commission. Head of NYC Police Department Asst. Secretary of Navy 1898 – Governor of NY

TR Takes on the Trusts Believed big business was to stay. –Good trusts were left alone. –Bad trusts cheated the public and took advantage of workers. Northern Securities Case –First company TR went after. –Headed by JP Morgan. –1904 – Supreme Court agreed that N. Securities had violated the Sherman Antitrust Act by limiting trade. –Trust had to break up Went after Standard Oil and American Tobacco Co. –Both trusts were broken up.

Trustbuster! Trustbuster – wants to destroy all trusts – Pennsylvania Coal Miners –Strike for better pay & shorter workday. –Mine owners refused to negotiate. –Roosevelt threatened to send troops in to run the mines.

Promise of a Square Deal Square deal – all should have an equal opportunity to succeed. –Teddy was re- elected in 1904.

Regulating railroads & Protecting consumers Elkins Act – outlawed rebates. Hepburn Act – gave the ICC greater power, including the right to set rates. Meat Inspection Act – forced packers to open their doors to more inspectors. Pure Food & Drug Act – required food and drug makers to list all ingredients on their packaging, ended false ads, and banned impure ingredients. Conservation – protection of natural resources Set aside a lot of land for national parks.

Taft & the Reformers 1908 – Teddy supported William Howard Taft, who was easily elected. Teddy goes to Africa. Taft –Quiet & cautious –Supported Progressive causes –Odds with progressives Teddy runs against Taft in –Progressive Party – bullmoose mascot –Democrats choose Woodrow Wilson

Woodrow Wilson Progressive Born in South President of Princeton Univ. Gov. of New Jersey Won 1912 election

Pres. Woodrow Wilson New Freedom – a policy to restore competition in the American economy. Federal Reserve Act – regulate banking Federal Trade Commission – had power to investigate companies and order them to stop using unfair business practices. Clayton Antitrust Act – banned competition limitations & barred antitrust laws from being used against labor unions.