Accompanying Notes for Chapter 11 Section 1. Evaluate the preparation and strategies of both North and South at the beginning of the Civil War.

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Presentation transcript:

Accompanying Notes for Chapter 11 Section 1

Evaluate the preparation and strategies of both North and South at the beginning of the Civil War

The Union Population: 23 States 22 million people Military Man Power: Outnumbered Confederacy 2.5: 1 Population: 11 States 9 million people (including 3.5 million slaves) Military Advantages Best Commanders Better Trained Accustomed to Outdoor life The Confederacy

The Union Resource Production 97% of firearm production 96% of all Railroad equipment Vast majority of manufactured products Transportation More Draft Animals, steamboats, wagons and trains Strategic, Psychological and Tactical Advantages: “Home Court Advantage” Defending their way of life The Confederacy

North: General Winfield Scott’s ANACONDA PLAN Starve out the South by cutting off the rivers Not popular, because Lincoln wanted to attack! Surround, Squeeze, Attack! South: Defensive Plan Force the North to occupy the Southern Territory Did not always follow this plan War of Attrition Hope for European Help

Total War On War, by von Clausewitz Use all manpower, resources, capital, and mindset to crush your enemies desire to exist

AKA… The First Battle of Manassass Union hoped for a quick victory to end the war Poorly Trained Troops led by Irving McDowell Traveled Slowly Confederates Prepared and Waited The Engagement Picnickers watched the Battle Union appeared to be Winning “Stonewall” Jackson Union fled back to Washington

Lincoln asked Congress for emergency measures New Presidential Powers Increase the size of the army Call for volunteers Draft Borrow money First Income Tax Greenbacks Contract for supplies and equipment Appoint officers Martial Law and Suspension the writ of habeas corpus Rule by Military Authorities Hold people in jail without filing charges

Draft Riots NYC: 100+ people died Copperheads Northern Democrats Afraid of a flood of blacks to the North Promoted desertion and draft riots

Irving McDowell1 st Battle of Bull RunFired George McClellanVA Peninsula CampaignFired John Pope2 nd Battle of Bull RunFired George McClellanBattle of AntietamFired Ambrose BurnsideBattle of FredricksburgResigned Joseph HookerBattle of ChancellorsvilleFired George C. MeadeBattle of Gettysburg Ulysses S. GrantWestern Theatre Replaces Halleck as Commander of All Union Armies Completes the War Southern Field Commanders: Joe Johnston, Robert E. Lee

Preserve and Protect the Union January, 1863 “I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in- Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion…do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are and henceforward shall be free…”

Whites… Not far enough… No freedom in the Border States No freedom in Union controlled land Fear… Blacks moving North and stealing jobs Black Response... Looked forward to freedom at the end of the war Europe… Secured GB and France staying out of the war