Plant Adaptations How do plants survive? What are some adaptations plants have made to aid in their survival?

LEAVES Site of photosynthesis Site of photosynthesis Site of transpiration Site of transpiration Brings sunlight, CO 2 and H 2 O together for food production Brings sunlight, CO 2 and H 2 O together for food production

Photosynthesis 6CO H 2 O + sunlight C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6H 2 O + 6O 2 SUNLIGHT WATER CARBON DIOXIDE GLUCOSE WATER OXYGEN

Leaf Features Stoma (stomata) – pores which regulate the exchange of gases between the leaf and the atmosphere. Guard cells – surround and control the size of the opening of stoma.

Cuticle – waxy coating which prevents dehydration. Cuticle – waxy coating which prevents dehydration.

STEMS Transports materials between the leaves and roots. Transports materials between the leaves and roots. Supports the leaves to collect light. Supports the leaves to collect light.

ROOTS Anchor the plant. Anchor the plant. Absorb water and minerals for photosynthesis, etc. Absorb water and minerals for photosynthesis, etc. Store carbohydrates. Store carbohydrates.

Types of Roots

Vascular Tissue for Food Phloem – carries food produced in the leaves to the rest of the plant. Phloem – carries food produced in the leaves to the rest of the plant.

Vascular Tissue for Water Xylem – carries water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. Xylem – carries water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Cambium A layer of actively dividing cells between xylem and phloem that is responsible for the secondary growth of stems and roots A layer of actively dividing cells between xylem and phloem that is responsible for the secondary growth of stems and rootsxylemphloemxylemphloem Secondary growth occurs after the first season and results in increase in thickness. Secondary growth occurs after the first season and results in increase in thickness.

Hormonal Control in Plants

Hormones Substances produced in one part of the plant which exert control on another part of the plant. Substances produced in one part of the plant which exert control on another part of the plant.

Tropism -a plants response to the environment. Examples: phototropism is the response to light, thigmotropism is response to touch, gravitropism is response to gravity -a plants response to the environment. Examples: phototropism is the response to light, thigmotropism is response to touch, gravitropism is response to gravity

Phototropism

Thigmotropism

Thigmotropism

Thigmotropism

Gravitropism

Hormone examples: Auxin- collects in the shady side of a stem and elongates the cells causing it to bend toward the light (phototropism). Auxin- collects in the shady side of a stem and elongates the cells causing it to bend toward the light (phototropism). Also plays a role in gravitropism. Also plays a role in gravitropism.

The Effects of Auxin

Gibberellin- plant growth hormone. Causes some plants to grow abnormally tall. Gibberellin- plant growth hormone. Causes some plants to grow abnormally tall.

Parts of the Flower Flowers differ in size, shape, and color Let’s look at some basic parts

Sepal green leaf-like part, covers and protects bud before opening

Petals are actually leaves usually bright colors to attract pollinating insects.

Stamens male part of flower has two parts filament-stalk

Anther sac-like structure on top of filament, contains pollen (plant sperm) sac-like structure on top of filament, contains pollen (plant sperm)

Pistil f female part in the center of flower has three parts

Pistil’s 3 Parts: Stigma – top of pistil, it’s sticky to grab pollen Stigma – top of pistil, it’s sticky to grab pollen Style - tube leading from stigma to ovary Style - tube leading from stigma to ovary Ovary - egg cells develop here Ovary - egg cells develop here grows to become fruit or seedcoat

Types of Flowers Complete contains sepal, petal, stamen and pistil Incomplete lacks one or more of the parts above No sepals

Types of Flowers Perfect has stamens and pistils (male and female parts) Imperfect lacks stamens or pistils (either male or female) Stamen only