McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 Health Science Core Chapter 15 Transporting and Transmitting: The Circulatory, Lymphatic, and Nervous Systems McFatter Technical Center Emergency Medical Technician - Basic

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 The Body’s Transportation System Consist of Three System: Circulatory System – transporting substances through the body Lymphatic System – transporting substances through the body Nervous System – complex and intricate composition transmission of the brain to the body

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 Blood Vessels Arteries – a blood vessel that carries highly oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissue. Contain three muscle layers Veins – a blood vessel that carries low- oxygenated blood to the heart. Contain one-way valves

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 Blood Vessels Capillaries – tiny blood vessels in the circulatory system that link arteries and veins. Thin walls allow oxygen and nutrients to pass. Arterioles – blood vessel that joins arteries to capillaries Venules – blood vessel that joins capillaries to veins

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 Blood Vessels Alveoli – microscopic air sacs within the lungs responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Gas exchange – process of exchanging oxygen for carbon dioxide in the blood during breathing in the alveoli of the lungs

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 Blood and Blood Cells Blood is 78% water and 22% various solids Plasma is the fluid portion of blood Erythrocytes – red blood cells, live only 120 days, are continually reproduced by red bone marrow, and have hemoglobin attached that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide Platelet – coagulate or clot blood Leukocytes – white blood cells that destroy various pathogens

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 Heart Atrium – upper chambers of the heart which is the receiving chamber Ventricle – lower chambers of the heart which pump blood out of the heart Pericardial sac – thin layer of tissue that surrounds the entire heart

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 Heart Path of Circulation

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 Conditions of Circulatory System Anemia – reduction in erythrocytes or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood Aneurysm – weak section of a wall of a blood vessel which results in an expansion of the vessel like a balloon Angina – cardiac pain caused by a low blood oxygen level in the coronary arteries that supplies the heart muscle Embolus – circulating clot

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 Conditions of Circulatory System Hypertension – high blood pressure Hypotension – low blood pressure that impairs functions Myocardial Infarction – condition caused by the blockage of one or more coronary arteries which prevents oxygenated blood from nourishing the myocardium Thrumbus – blood clot

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 Lymphatic System Lymph – colorless fluid that is informed in tissue space throughout the body and carried in the lymphatic vessels Lymphocytes – leukocyte that is produced in the lymph nodes Lymphatic tissue – tonsils, spleen, and thymus

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 Conditions of Lymphatic System Adenitis – inflammation of the lymph nodes Hodgkin’s disease – cancer that begins in the lymphoid tissue Tonsillitis – inflammation of the tonsils

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 Nervous System Main components: Brain Cranial nerves Spinal cord Spinal nerves Peripheral nerves

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 Nervous System Sensory neurons – afferent neurons; nerve cells that transmit impulses from the sensory organs and the skin to the brain and spinal cord Motor neurons – efferent neurons; nerve cells that carry impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the muscle or gland tissue

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 Central Nervous System The body system composed of the brain and spinal cord Cerebrospinal fluid – clear, watery fluid that flows through the brain and spinal column, protecting it. Meninges – three protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 Brain Sections Cerebrum – controls willful actions Cerebellum – muscle coordination and tone Midbrain – conducting impulses through the brain Pons – bridge between two or more sections of the brain Medulla oblongata – controls involuntary actions

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 Spinal Cord

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 Peripheral Nervous System Sympathetic nervous system – controls many involuntary activities of the glands, organs, and other parts of the body. Fight or flight Parasympathetic nervous system – acts in specific ways to complement the activities of the sympathetic nervous system

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 Nervous System Conditions Cerebral palsy – congenital condition that results in a lack of muscle function and coordination due to brain damage Concussion – injury or loss of function resulting from a blow to the head Epilepsy – electrical impulses that fire throughout the cerebrum which results in seizures Meningitis – inflammation of the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord.

McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public SchoolsRevised: March 2008 References Pollak, Andrew N. Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured. 9th ed. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett, Stevens, Kay, and Garber, Debra. Introduction to Clinical Allied Healthcare. 2nd ed. Clifton Park, New York: Thomson Delmar Learning, 1996.