Advanced Honors Biology January 31, 2012 The Cardiovascular System

Objectives At the conclusion of this lesson students will be able to… Identify the four chambers of the heart, Describe the flow of blood through the heart and through the circulatory system Compare and contrast the three types of blood vessels Determine the effect that standing, reclining, and exercise have on heart rate Determine the effect that various health and environmental factors have on heart rate.

Circulatory System Purpose and Structure Transport oxygen, nutrients, immune system components, and hormones to cells Transport carbon dioxide away from cells Closed system Composed of heart, blood vessels, and blood

Superior vena cava Pulmonary veins Pulmonary arteries to lungs Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary artery Left atrium Mitral valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta Pulmonary veins Inferior vena cava Pulmonary arteries to lungs

Objectives At the conclusion of this lesson students will be able to… Identify the four chambers of the heart, Describe the flow of blood through the heart and through the circulatory system Compare and contrast the three types of blood vessels Determine the effect that standing, reclining, and exercise have on heart rate Determine the effect that various health and environmental factors have on heart rate.

Two Separate Loops Right atrium/ ventricle Pulmonary De-oxygenated Left atrium/ ventricle Systemic Oxygenated

Objectives At the conclusion of this lesson students will be able to… Identify the four chambers of the heart, Describe the flow of blood through the heart and through the circulatory system Compare and contrast the three types of blood vessels Determine the effect that standing, reclining, and exercise have on heart rate Determine the effect that various health and environmental factors have on heart rate.

Blood Vessels Heart is the pump Diffusion in the capillaries Arteries – carry blood away from the heart Veins – carry blood toward the heart Heart  arteries  arterioles  capillaries  venules  veins  Capillaries are 1 cell thick – gas exchange Network Large vessels – singular route Small vessels – collateral routes

Artery/Vein Differences ArteriesVeins Direction of flow Blood Away from Heart Blood to Heart PressureHigherLower WallsTHICKER: Tunica media thicker than tunica externa THINNER: Tunica externa thicker than tunica media LumenSmallerLarger ValvesNo valvesValves (see next)

Your Heart Beat

So What Makes It Beat? Sinoatrial (SA) node “pacemaker” -contracts atrial Atrioventricular (AV) node -contracts ventricles Electrical Average bpm “pulse” Up to 200 bpm

Cardiovascular Problems Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries/plaque) Arrhythmias (heart beats too fast or too slow) Angina (lack of blood flow to the coronary artery) Cardiomyopathy (heart muscle damage) Hypertension (high blood pressure) Hypotension (low BP) Myocardial infarction (heart attack – coronary artery blockage) Mitral valve prolapse Sudden cardiac arrest (heart stops beating)