FAIR International Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research Key features and organization Plans for realization Experiments and LOIs Technical challenges NUSTAR: nuclear structure and the SUPER FRS Gottfried Münzenberg, Jan Scientific Collaboration Workshop, German Centers – JINR, 2005

Research Areas at FAIR Structure and Dynamics of Nuclei - Radioactive Beams Nucleonic matter Nuclear astrophysics Fundamental symmetries Hadron Structure and Quark-Gluon Dynamics - Antiprotons Non-pertubative QCD Quark-gluon degrees of freedom Confinement and chiral symmetry Nuclear Matter and the Quark-Gluon Plasma - Relativistic HI - Beams Nuclear phase diagram Compressed nuclear/strange matter Deconfinement and chiral symmetry Physics of Dense Plasmas and Bulk Matter - Bunch Compression Properties of high density plasmas Phase transitions and equation of state Laser - ion interaction with and in plasmas Ultra High EM-Fields and Applications - Ions & Petawatt Laser QED and critical fields Ion - laser interaction Ion - matter interaction SIS 18 Ion Beam Heating Jupiter Sun Surface Magnetic Fusion solid state density Temperature [eV] Density [cm -3 ] Laser Heating PHELIX Ideal plasmas Strongly coupled plasmas Sun Core Inertial Cofinement Fusion

Primary Beams GeV/u; 238 U 28+, /s; 35 GeV/u, 238 U /s 30 GeV protons 4x10 13 /s Secondary Beams radioactive beams, factor 10 4 intensity Antiprotons GeV Storage and Cooler Rings Radioactive beams e – A collider antiprotons GeV stored and cooled The New Facility and its Characteristics Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets Cooled beams Key Technical Features Existing New SIS 100/300 UNILAC SIS 18 ESR HESR CR NESR Super FRS

0% 50% 100% RIbs N-N Collisions Antiprotons Plasma-Physics 100 Tm Ring 300 Tm Ring C S R HES R Nucleus-Nucleus 100 se Radioactive Beams Plasma Physic s Antiprotons Duty-Cycles of the Accelerator Rings Duty-Cycles of the Physics Programs Parallel Operation of Experiments with Storage Rings SIS300

STI-FAIR Scientific + Technical Issues Sidney Gales AFI-FAIR Administrative + Funding Issues H.F.Wagner ISC-FAIR Internat. Steering Committee H.Schunck PAC QCD PAC NUSTAR PAC APPA TAC Observer FAIR Projekt The Multi-National FAIR Project J. Eschke 2004

MoU Contract Development Contract Negotiations Closing LoI's Proposals / TR's PAC's Technical Committee TDR's Signing of MoU Phase I – Governed by MoU Phase II Governed by contracts

Signing of Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) September 23, 2004 in Berlin FAIR member countries: Germany, Finland, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Sweden, UK Observers: Hungary, Poland, India, China, USA

On November 11, 2004, the Head of the Federal Agency on Science and Innovations Dr.S.N.Mazurenko signed the MoU for Russia FAIR MoU

Stage 1: Civil Construction Ringtunnel for double ring synchrotron incl. technical buildings Buildings housing the SFRS, the CR and NESR plus nuclear structure and atomic physics experiments Office building Accelerator 2 x /puls U 28+ at 200 AMeV 4 x /puls U 73+ at 1000 AMeV 4 Hz up to 12 Tm; 1 Hz up to 18 Tm Bunch compression to 70 ns Research Nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics (gain factor in intensities for radioactive secondary beams: ~100) Plasma physics at 'old' facility (gain factor in power density: ~200) Atomic physics studies with highly charged/radioactive ion beams Staged construction scenario

Stage 2: HESR Civil Construction (completed) p linac building HESR building Buildings housing nuclear collision, plasma physics and atomic physics experiments Accelerator 1 x /puls U 28+ at 2,7 AGeV 1 x /puls U 73+ at 8,3 AGeV (Ne 10+ to 14 AGeV) Bunch compression to 50 ns 2,5 x /puls protons up to 29 GeV up to antiprotons accumulated, stored and cooled in the HESR up to 15 GeV low (down to zero) energy antiprotons at NESR and HITRAP Research Nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics (full gain factor in intensities for radioactive secondary beams: ~ ) QCD studies with protons and antiprotons Precision studies with antiprotonn beams for fundamental symmetries and interactions

Stage 3: Accelerator 2 x 10 9 /puls U 92+ up to 34 AGeV Stretcher option with long extraction times from seconds up to minutes High energy e-cooling for HESR Research Full energy and luminosity for nuclear collisions program at CBM Precision QCD Studies at PANDA up to 15 GeV Plasma research (full gain factor in power density: ~2500) Atomic reaction studies with fast beams Full parallel operation of up to four experiments

Planning of Civil Construction / Layout of Buildings

SIS100/300 Underground Tunnel 5 m -24 m Tunnel in Open-Pit Construction

Superconducting Magnets for SIS 100 Collaboration: JINR (Dubna) Iron Dominated (window frame type) superferric design Maximum magnetic field: 2 T Ramp rate: 4 T/s Hollow-tube superconducting cable, indirectly cooled Two-phase helium cooling Collaboration: JINR (Dubna) Iron Dominated (window frame type) superferric design Maximum magnetic field: 2 T Ramp rate: 4 T/s Hollow-tube superconducting cable, indirectly cooled Two-phase helium cooling Nuclotron Dipole Improvement of DC-field quality 2D / 3D calculations Guarantee of long term mechanical stability (≥ 2  10 8 cycles ) concern: coil restraint in the gap, fatigue of the conductor Reduction of eddy / persistent current effects (field, losses) Improvement of DC-field quality 2D / 3D calculations Guarantee of long term mechanical stability (≥ 2  10 8 cycles ) concern: coil restraint in the gap, fatigue of the conductor Reduction of eddy / persistent current effects (field, losses)

Collaborations at Large Setups Hadron Physics with Antiproton Beams Physics of Nuclear Matter CBM Collaboration (W.Mueller)PANDA Collaboration (H. Orth) Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics,Reactions NUSTAR Collaboration Super FRS

PAC on QCD: ASSIA Study of Spin-dependent Interactions with AntiprotonsR.Bertini Torino CBM Compressed Baryonic Matter ExperimentP.SengerGSI DIRAC Tests of Low Energy QCDL.NemenovJINR Dubna PANDA Strong Interaction Studies with AntiprotonsU.WiednerTSL Uppsala PAX Antiproton-Proton Scattering Experiments with PolarizationF.RathmannFZJ PAC on Atomic Physics, Plasma Physics and Applications (APPA-PAC): Laser Cooling of Highly Charged Ions at SIS 100/300U. SchrammLMU FLAIR - A Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion ResearchE. Wiedman Tokyo Anti-deuteron Breeding in a Double Ring ColliderW. Oehlert FZ-Jülich SPARC Stored Particles in Atomic physics ResearchR. SchuchStockholm HEDGEHOB: High Energy Density matter GEenerated by Heavy-iOn BeamsD. Varentsov Darmstadt Applications of Relativistic Ions in Radiobiology and Space ResearchM. DuranteNapoli Materials Research with Relativistic Heavy Ion BeamsS. KlaumünzerHMI Radiative Properties of Warm Dense MatterF. B. RosmejMarseille Letters of Intent (LoI) 834 users 505 users

Letters of Intent (LoI) PAC on Nuclear Structure and Nuclear Astrophysics (NUSTAR-PAC): 1.) Low Energy Branch (LEB).Scheidenberger GSI High-resolution In-Flight Spectroscopy (HISPEC)J. Gerl GSI Decay Spectroscopy with Implanted Ion Beams (DESPEC)J. Woods Edinburgh Precision Measurements of very short-lived Nuclei using an Advanced Trapping System for highly-charged Ions (MATS)K.Blaum Mainz LASER Spectroscopy for the Study of Nuclear Properties (LASPEC)W.Nörtershäuser GSI Neutron Capture Measurements (NCAP)M.Heil FZK Antiprotonic Radioactive Nuclides (Exo+pbar)M. Wada Riken 2.) High Energy Branch (R3B) A Universal Setup for Kinematical Complete Measurements of Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams (R3B)T. Aumann GSI 3.) Ring Branch (STORIB) Study of Isomeric Beams, Lifetimes and Masses (ILIMA)Y.Novikov SPNPI Exotic Nuclei Studied in Light-Ion Induced Reactions at the NESR Storage Ring (EXL)H. Emling GSI Electron-Ion Scattering in a Storage Ring (e-A Collider) (ELISe)H. Simon GSI Antiproton-Ion Collider: A Tool for the Measurement of Neutron and Proton rms radii of Stable and Radioactive Nuclei (pbarA)P. Kienle TUM Spectroscopy of Pionic Atoms with Unstable Nuclei (PIONIC)K. Itahashi Riken 619 users

JINR Participation in FAIR R&D Accelerators VBLHE-Laboratory of High Energy, LPP-Laboratory of Particle Physics, LNP-Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, LIT-Laboratory of Information Technology QCD CBM BLHE-Laboratory of High Energy, LPP-Laboratory of Particle Physics, LIT-Laboratory of Information Technology ASSIA Laboratory of Nuclear Problems PANDA VBLHE-Laboratory of High Energy, LPP-Laboratory of Particle Physics, LIT-Laboratory of Information Technology PAX LNP-Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, LPP-Laboratory of Particle Physics NUSTAR R3B Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics EXL FLNR- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions ELISe LNP- Laboratory for Nuclear Problems, FLNR- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions APPA Biology + Space Division of Radiation and Radiobiological Research

NUSTAR: NUclear STructure and Astrophysics Reactions  Proton-neutron asymmetric matter  Loosely bound nucleons  Correlations  Large proton numbers New phenomena:  New shells  New decay modes GSI Proposal 2002  Decay studies  Reactions in reversed kinematics  Precision experiments in a storage-ring  Medium dependence of Nucleon-nucleon interaction Neutron skins and halos 

The NUSTAR-Facility The NUSTAR-Facility Phase 1

Layout and Design Parameters of the Super-FRS Technical challenges: target, beam dump, and Pre-Separator The performance can be directly taken from the experience with the FRS Technical challenges: target, beam dump, and Pre-Separator The performance can be directly taken from the experience with the FRS Super – conducting FRagment Separator H. Geissel

Target for slow extraction Rotating carbon wheel (PSI design, G. Heidenreich) Vertical plug handling concept Temperature profile after 150s (T<1000k) K. Sümmerer

Pre-Separator Optical Design Previous New design for high radiation Can the magnets stay superconducting after the target and beam dumps? Additional focal plane PreviouslyPresently H. Geissel, M. Winkler

Energy deposition calculation with PHITS Energy deposition calculation with PHITS Projectile: 1500 MeV/u 238 U /s σ p /p = 0.5% σ y = 2.0 mm σ x = 1.0 mm Energy deposition distribution on the quadrupole surface avarage energy deposition on the coil surface: E>/M= 0.2 mJ/g limit: 2-3 mJ/g H. Iwase First Quadrupole (after Target)

R3B: Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams Particle detectors Neutron wall Target with calorimeters Superconducting dipole T.Aumann

The Storage Ring System as used for Structure Investigations RESR deceleration (1T/s) to MeV/u C R bunch rotation, adiabatic de-bunching, fast stochastic cooling, isochronous mode e-A Collider small electron ring from Super-FRS (up to 10 9 fragments per cycle at 740 MeV/u) H. Weick NESR electron cooling, deceleration to 4 Mev/u internal target

Target-Recoil and Gamma Detector around internal target Target-Recoil and Gamma Detector around internal target NESR P. Egelhof EXL: Exotic Nuclei Studied in Light-Ion Induced Reactions at NESR Internal target

The Electron-Ion (eA) Collider Electrons, a new probe for structure investigations of unstable nuclei Electrons, a new probe for structure investigations of unstable nuclei H. Simon Idea and first common studies from JINR (Oganessian, Meshkov, TerAkopian Idea and first common studies from JINR (Oganessian, Meshkov, TerAkopian JINR: UHV detectors Electron spectrometer  p/p=10 -4 gap 25 cm weight 90 t Electron spectrometer  p/p=10 -4 gap 25 cm weight 90 t

Conclusion GSi profited from JINR ideas and developments FAIR will profit from the intellectual input and expertise of JINR scientists LOIs and collaborations are open to be joined by new interested members