Unit One A Short History of the Computer 1.Passage One. The Introduction of ENIAC.

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Unit One A Short History of the Computer 1.Passage One. The Introduction of ENIAC

Training target: In this part , our target is to train your reading comprehension. We have made the flexible sentences strong black and marked the subject , predicate and object of them. Try to grasp the main idea of these sentences.

Text. Electronic computer was one of the greatest inventions in the20th century.Once talking about the computer , we have to think of the birth of ENIAC ( Electrical Numerical Integrator& Calculator) ElectronicIntegratorCalculator

The start of World War II produced a large need for computer capacity , especially for the military. New weapons were made for which trajectory tables and other essential data were needed.In1946 , John P. Eckert , John W. Mauchly and their associates at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of University of Pennsylvania decided to build a high-speed electronic computer to do the job. This machine became known as ENIAC.

The size of ENIAC’s numerical “word” was 10 decimal digits , and it could multiply two of these numbers at a rate of 300 per second , by finding the value of each product from a multiplication table stored in its memory. ENIAC was therefore about 1,000 times faster than the previous generation of relay computers.

ENIAC used 18,000 vacuum tubes , about 1,800square feet of floor space , weighed 30 tons and consumed about180,000 watts of electrical power. It had punched card I.O , 1 multiplier , 1divider.square rooter , and 20 adders using decimal ring counters , which served as adders and also as quick access ( seconds ) read write register storage. The executable instructions making up a program were embodied in the separate “units” of ENIAC , which were plugged together to form a “route” for the flow of information.

These connections had to be redone after each computation , together with presetting function tables and switches. This “wire your own” technique was inconvenient ( for obvious reasons ), and only with some latitude could ENIAC be considered programmable. It was , however , efficient in handling the particular programs for which it had been designed.

By today’s standards , ENIAC was a monster , but ENIAC was the prototype from which most other modern computers evolved. vacuum

Key words electronic [ ilektr nik ] adj. 电子的,电子学的 numerical [ njumerik ] adj. 数字的,数值的 integrator [ int reit ] n. 积分器 calculator n. 计数器

 vacuum [ v kju m ] tube 电子管  punched card 穿孔卡片 counter [ kaunt ] n. 计数 器  inconvenient [ ink nvinj nt ] adj. 不方便的  latitude [ l titjud ] n. 范 围,幅度  monster [ mnst ] n. 怪物 prototype [ pr ut taip ] n. 原型,样品.End..Exercise. [ Ex1 ]

Exercise. [ Ex1 ] Answer the following question according to the text above. What is ENIAC? Try to describe it by words in this passage. [ Ex2 ] Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text. 1.The first electronic numerical computer was named as. 2.The size of ENIAC’s numerical“word”was10 digits. 3.ENIAC contained18 , 000 , about1 , 800square feet of floor space , weighed30tons and consumed about180 , 000watts power.4. ENIAC was the of modern computers.