A New South?: The South, 1877-1900. North vs. South in 1861 Wealth: 25% Farmland: 25% Railroad Milage: 29% Factory Production: 9% Population: 29%

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Presentation transcript:

A New South?: The South,

North vs. South in 1861 Wealth: 25% Farmland: 25% Railroad Milage: 29% Factory Production: 9% Population: 29%

The South in 1877 Run by Pre-Civil War Elites and Veterans of the Civil War Not Fully Segregated Cotton Dependent Poor

The New South: Henry Grady 1886: Henry Grady Calls for a New South

Fuel for Industrializing Southern Pride Southern Poverty Provides Labor Inefficiency of Sharecropping

Industrialization: Steel Mills Textiles Tobacco and Soft Drinks –Coca-Cola –Dr. Pepper –Pepsi Railroads

Dr. John Pemberton, Inventor of Coca-Cola

Problems Limited Growth: % Per Capita Income: –1860: 72% of National Average –1880: 52% –1920: 62% Low Wages Low Education Spending Capital Problems

Growth of Southern Cities Industry and Commerce Better Transportation = More connected to outside Alienation from the countryside

Southern Agrarian Revolt The Cotton Trap The Agrarian Revolt: –Lower Interest Credit –Lower Rail Shipping Rates –Lower Food Prices –Lower Necessity Prices –Higher Crop Prices

Organized Protest The Grange The Southern Farmer’s Alliance The Colored Farmer’s Alliance Collapse of the Farmer’s Alliances The Populist Party:

Charles Macune, Leader of the Farmer’s Alliances

Women in the New South Limits of Feminism Urban Middle Class Women Church Work Women’s Christian Temperance Union Memorials: United Daughters of the Confedracy (1894) Women’s Clubs

: An Uncertain System A New Black Generation White Backlash Lynchmobs –1892: 235 Lynchings – : Almost 2000 lynchings –Grew out of confrontations in business and politics

Segregation Rising in South, Declining in North Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896, 7-1) –Justice Harlan dissents Jim Crow Laws Voting Disenfranchisement Racism

Black Responses Withdrawal to Communal Life Men’s Fraternal and Self-Help Organizations Women’s Clubs

Booker T. Washington

Booker T. Washington ( ) Emphasized self-improvement, education, industry, and the Black community making itself wealthier Founds Tuskegee Institute George Washington Carver (Director of Agricultural Research) 1895: Atlanta Compromise

A Tuskegee Classroom

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