ROME Move from Republic to Empire (& other stuff you should know)

Founding of Rome Myth the legend Romulus & Remus – 753 BC Reality Latins, Etruscans, and Sabines 1500 BC

Location Tiber River & Mediterranean Sea Central Italy seven hills

1. Why would Rome's geographic location be considered a city destined to become great? See a voice from the past page 141

Religion borrowed ideas from Greeks & Etruscans Zeus = Jupiter Hera = Juno Ares = Mars Christianity will come about in 33 AD & be seen as the primary Religion after Constantine

Government Republic power rests in citizens who have the right to vote to select leaders created in 509 BC free-born male citizens Spectacular wonders like the Coliseum created with elaborate arches; domes and concrete walls are also key features of Roman architecture. Architecture

Republic Cont. 2 Consuls Senate Assembly Twelve Tables- written laws dictator Jury trials- trial by jury of your peers

Twelve Tables 2. Compare America’s government to Romans Republic Go to page 143 in your textbook and copy the chart

Culture Influences Latin – remains the language of learning after fall of Rome and becomes the official language of the Roman Catholic Church Many ideas were borrowed from Classical Greeks- aka Greco-Roman culture Literature follows Greek forms and models, but address Roman themes

Life and family in Rome Patricians - aristocratic landowners Plebeians -common farmers, artisans, merchants By law and custom, the eldest man, known as the paterfamilias, or “father of the family,” had power to rule the household. He controlled all property and had authority over all family members. Roman women – nearly social equals of men, ran the household and were given authority and respect. Had personal freedom, could own property and businesses, and could testify in court #3 Vocabulary #4

PUNIC WARS Rome & Carthage both desired control of Mediterranean  1 ST BC, Carthage loses, Rome takes Sicily and western Mediterranean  2 ND 218 – 202 BC, Hannibal crosses Alps into Rome. Scipio attacks Carthage

PUNIC WARS 5. Explain how would Hannibal's invasion of Rome bring challenges to the common people? 6. How was the decision to leave the capital and attack Carthage seen as a great military move? - Hannibal’s invasion destroyed the Roman farms. - Newly conquered lands began to import food into Rome which led to… * Farmers income declines. * Latifundia (large estates) created. 202 BC- Hannibal defeated

Third Punic War Carthage no longer a threat 149 BC Rome lays siege to Carthage 146 BC Carthage set on fire; 50,000 inhabitants sold into slavery This allows Rome to take complete control of the Mediterranean Sea & extend its territory

Conquer of Mediterranean citizen-soldiers- men who owned land Legion foot soldier Rome wisely treated conquered people by allowing them citizenship in the Roman Empire. Representative democracy- citizens could participate in the government by voting

The Height of the Roman Empire Empire stretched from Asia Minor to the Danube & Rhine Rivers and all the way to Great Britain Roman governors Enforced Roman law and settled providential disputes.

7. Why would it be a better decision to have a republic form of government in Rome compared to the direct democracy in Greece? Because the empire is too large to allow every citizen to come to the capital to vote therefore with a Roman Republic representatives were put in place to vote on the people’s behalf.

The Height of the Roman Empire #8 Vocabulary Pax Romana- 207 years of Roman Peace at the beginning of Augustus rule Roman Prosperity- paved roads, aqueducts, drained swamps, irrigation systems for the deserts Roman Sculptures arch, dome, concrete mosaics Roman Citizenship By 212 AD, virtually all free people in the Empire became Roman citizens.

9. How would the development of paved roads & aqueducts be considered helpful and important cultural influences? aqueducts were used to transport water to urban areas and roads allowed for quick trade Major trade items: grain, wine, silk (from China) metals, silk, and olive oil

10. What type of Roman engineering did America take from Rome? arches

Slavery Slavery was a significant part of Roman life. It was wide spread and important to the economy. Slavery was mostly conquered people (men, women and children), and children born to slaves were slaves. Gladiators - were strong, healthy males forced to fight to the death in public contest

The Roman Empire will fall. 11. List some possible causes for the decline of Rome. 12. Which of the following would you consider to be the most significant factor that contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire? WHY? POLITICAL SOCIAL ECONOMIC MILITARY

13. If you were the Emperor and you could see the invasion crisis, what would you do to protect your Empire?

Empire Splits Emperor Diocletian splits Empire Eastern & Western Empire Greek & Latin speaking nations Constantine restores the Empire moved the capital city to Constantinople aka New Rome #14 Vocabulary- Edict of Milan- declares Christianity as a religion, ends persecution of Christians Empire splits again into Roman & Byzantine Empire

Religious Split a.The city of Constantinople will flourish and Rome will decline economically b.The distance & lack of contact will cause divisions in doctrines and rituals c. Icons- religious images were banned in the east which caused religious dispute b/t the E. &W. d.Schism- religious and permanent split b/t the Roman Catholic Church (West) & Eastern Orthodox Church (East)

Byzantine Empire Government- absolute monarch Emperor Justinian 534 AD New Code of Laws which would be the foundations of western law (life, marriage, slavery, property, inheritance, women’s rights, crime, etc.) Building program to rebuild fortifications of Constantinople (school, hospitals, baths, churches, etc.) Hagia Sophia- most splendid church in the Christian world filled with rich mosaics

v=KRPp3jzv1Tw Hagia Sophia

15. How would Constantinople’s geographical factors contribute to its success? 16. How could Constantinople’s location help to spread Christianity?

Do the Primary Source- “Edict of Milan”