The Personal pathway to doping The concept of ‘Individual Risk’ and its implications to sport Amanda Batt, Education Manager

Objectives of the session To share and debate the view that ‘doping’ is more than a sport-specific problem To propose ‘doping as an individual risk’ as a concept To discuss integration of traditional risk based models to a model that has ‘humans’ at the centre

Why How When Who What Progress to date

core influencers Wider societal influences Influencers Athlete stages Role models Coaches UKAD/NGBs Parents Health professionals Influencers Teachers Peers UKAD/NGBs Coaches Parents Health professionals Role models Peers Teachers Beginner Gifted and talented Performance development Performance High performance Elite Athlete stages

Progress to date Complimented Lance Armstrong case Why How When Who What Progress to date Complimented Lance Armstrong case Athletes can dope, will dope, can get away with it. We would be silly if we didn't ignore, the learning's....even if this was a while ago, we would be ignoring

Athletes as people This is the starting point...as phenomenal as they are What do we know about people? Acceptance that doping is a ‘behaviour’ Negative behaviour Covert behaviour D O P I N G Anybody could... Cant say blanketly they no body will and everyone will

So, what do we know Human Nature Athlete development Sociology Performance Psychology

Research Undertaking by Professor Mike McNamee and Dr Andrew Bloodworth, University of Swansea 2009 Longitudinal study of attitudes to doping Anticipating Doping behaviours: A review of literature and its implications 2011 Redefined phase 5 of study 2012 Doping as an individual risk

Main Conclusions Doping is a behaviour where a doping decision is preceded by instability, a problem Common tipping points include: Career instability, peer pressure, relax from stress, injury before major event, performance plateau, personal distress outside of sport, physiological weaknesses, finance, end of career etc. Wider attitudes: Social drugs, adolescent peer groups, family support, early specialisation, sympathy with dopers, supplement use, attitudes of significant others, win at all costs, lack of lifestyle/balance, perception of use Personality, culture and society Sport specify and in-depth interventions are required

= Point of Intervention external influence eg reinforcement Doping 2 YEARS POI Personal Personality (risk taking) Attitudes Beliefs (detection) Values Morals Attribution (internal/external) Low self-esteem High trait anxiety Personal distress Motivation (internal/external) Low resilience/coping skills Social Family (upbringing) Relationship with Parents Peers and peer norms Social norms Sport Early sport experience (high competition) Sport norms Sport culture (professional, profile, sponsorship) Closed sporting environment Low regard for health (play on mentality) Supplement use Lifestyle Lack of balance in life Limited nutritional knowledge Previous lifestyle behaviours (social drugs, alcohol) Attitudes Values Beliefs DECISION Active/Passive Supplement Use Dabble POSITIVE (ACTUAL OR PERCEIVED) REINFORCEMENT POI POI Options DECISION INFLUENCERS Ease , availability, detection, cost/benefit, anticipated regret SELF-JUSTIFICATION external influence eg reinforcement POSITIVE POI POI POI POI Problem Injury Transition Finance (maintain, prospect of) Change in training Change in results Career instability Family problems Stress Fear of failure Pressure – Individual, societal, peer Intention Action Experience Habit Behaviour Supplement....it is important this is recognised, the industry is not going away. Supplements...are just that, they should causes for concern AB link INFLUENCE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS POI TIPPING POINT POI Stop

external influence eg reinforcement DISCUSSION Doping 2 YEARS Personal Personality (risk taking) Attitudes Beliefs (detection) Values Morals Attribution (internal/external) Low self-esteem High trait anxiety Personal distress Motivation (internal/external) Low resilience/coping skills Social Family (upbringing) Relationship with Parents Peers and peer norms Social norms Sport Early sport experience (high competition) Sport norms Sport culture (professional, profile, sponsorship) Closed sporting environment Low regard for health (play on mentality) Supplement use Lifestyle Lack of balance in life Limited nutritional knowledge Previous lifestyle behaviours (social drugs, alcohol) Attitudes Values Beliefs DECISION Active/Passive Supplement Use Dabble POSITIVE (ACTUAL OR PERCEIVED) REINFORCEMENT Options DECISION INFLUENCERS Ease , availability, detection, cost/benefit, anticipated regret SELF-JUSTIFICATION external influence eg reinforcement POSITIVE Problem Injury Transition Finance (maintain, prospect of) Change in training Change in results Career instability Family problems Stress Fear of failure Pressure – Individual, societal, peer Intention Action Experience Habit Behaviour Supplement....it is important this is recognised, the industry is not going away. Supplements...are just that, they should causes for concern AB link INFLUENCE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS TIPPING POINT Stop

Risk-based approach Risk-based approach Accountability Systematic risk analysis, tools and tactics Knowledge and information management Social process, behaviour and culture

Low risk Medium risk Higher risk 1:1 interventions, professional support Education, engagement, effective decision making, deterrent tactics Information and awareness Reinforcement of main messages Empower use of tools e.g Global DRO

Final thoughts Doping is a ‘risky behaviour’.... Athletes are people first, athletes second and people Have a relationship with risk Doping is a ‘risky behaviour’.... ....an individual risk We need ‘people’ at the heart of our evidenced based risk assessment