CONCEPTS EXPLORED IN THIS LESSON 1)The Discovery of the Cell (7.1) 2)Cell Theory (7.1) 3)Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes 7.1) 1)Cellular Requirements 2)Cell Regions 3)Structures in a General Plant Cell 4)Structures in a General Animal Cell 5)Structures in Plant & Animal Cells 6)The Nucleus 7)The Cell Membrane 8)Mitochondria 9)Endoplasmic Reticula 10)Golgi Body, Vesicles and Vacuoles 11)Ribosomes 15)Cytoskeleton/Centrioles 16)Lysosomes 17)Central Vacuole 18)Cell Wall 19)Chloroplasts

Each one also has a singular circular ___________ as well as its own _________ ribosomes The singular for mitochondria is _____________. MITOCHONDRIA chromosome mitochondrion A mitochondrion is composed of: double membrane (smooth) (folded) which allow it to ___________. self-replicate

The main function of mitochondria is to produce ______ for the cell. The mitochondria are the _____________ of the cell. MITOCHONDRIA energy It converts _______________ Stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use Power plants Chemical energy

which form ___-like and ____ -like structures. The endoplasmic reticulum is formed from a network of __________ ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Rough E.R. is called "rough" because it is embedded with _________. membranes tube sac Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum It is found extending from the ________________ surrounding the nucleus. ribosomes nuclear membrane

which form ___-like and ____ -like structures. The endoplasmic reticulum is formed from a network of __________ ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Rough E.R. is called "rough" because it is embedded with _________. membranes tube sac It is found extending from the ________________ surrounding the nucleus. ribosomes nuclear membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth E.R. is called "smooth" because does not contain _________. ribosomes Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Functions to synthesize ____. It is found extending from the ________________ surrounding the nucleus. Functions to synthesize/make _______. which form ___-like and ____ -like structures. The endoplasmic reticulum is formed from a network of __________ ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Rough E.R. is called "rough" because it is embedded with _________. membranes tube sac ribosomes nuclear envelope Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth E.R. is called "smooth" because does not contain _________. ribosomes Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum fats proteins

GOLGI BODY, VESICLES and VACUOLES Golgi Body It resembles a stack of membrane "________". pancakes Also called the _____________. Golgi apparatus

It is responsible for ________ vesicles containing _______ from the _____, _________ these proteins, GOLGI BODY, VESICLES and VACUOLES Golgi Body It resembles a stack of membrane "________". R.E.R. pancakes Also called the _____________. Golgi apparatus and then _________ them either within: receiving proteins processing packaging Vesicles Vacuoles for ________. for ______. transport storage Lysosomes for…Find out later.

as well as bound to _________________________. In prokaryotes, they are found ____ in the cytoplasm. RIBOSOMES Each ribosome is composed of two _______ subunits mixed with _____. protein In eukaryotes, they are found ____ in the cytoplasm free rough endoplasmic reticulum free rRNA

as well as bound to _________________________. RIBOSOMES In eukaryotes, they are found ____ in the cytoplasm free rough endoplasmic reticulum

in order to make ________. RIBOSOMES They function to assemble ___________ together amino acids proteins

CYTOSKELETON and made from different types of _______. as well as to _________ within the cytoplasm. It is the network of __________ found within all cells proteins scaffolding It is attached to the _____________ cell membrane organelles

It is composed of _____ main parts. CYTOSKELETON Two Threadlike structures that form an extensive, tough, flexible framework that supports the cell Microfilaments Microtubules Hollow structures that help the cell maintain shape

Also includes __________. CYTOSKELETON Centrioles Located near nucleus and helps organize cell division They come as a paired Centrioles

CYTOSKELETON The cytoskeleton is responsible for the __________ of the cell like: movements Cytoplasmic Streaming Movement of Organelles

CYTOSKELETON The cytoskeleton is responsible for the __________ of the cell like: movements Movement of Organelles The cytoskeleton is responsible for moving vesicles, vacuoles, ribosomes and other organelles around the cell.

CYTOSKELETON The cytoskeleton is responsible for the __________ of the cell like: movements Cytoplasmic Streaming The bulk movement of the _________. cytoplasm

These membrane sacs contain ________________ LYSOSOMES that can break down (digest) various substances. Lysosomes are formed from the _________. hydrolytic enzymes Golgi body

Used by ______________ to kill many engulfed bacteria at once. through the rupture of all lysosomes. LYSOSOMES Cell _____________ Lysosome fuses with vacuole and the _______ digest the food. Damaged _________ are digested by lysosomes. self-destruction organelles enzymes They have several important functions: Autophagy Digestion Autolysis Food particles are engulfed by the cell into a ___________. food vacuole white blood cells

that are made from ______ of microtubules. They are oriented ____________ to one another. Centrosomes are considered MTOCs, or __________ organizing centers. This is where microtubules are __________. CENTROSOMES and CENTRIOLES Within the centrosome, there are a ___ of cylindrical-shaped centrioles triplets synthesized perpendicular microtubule pair Centrosome Centrioles

which is used to move ____________ during cell division. and the two pairs are responsible for the formation of the ____________ Each non-dividing cell has ___ pair of centrioles. However, for cell division, the centrosome ________ the pair, replicates one mitotic spindle chromosomes that are made from ______ of microtubules. They are oriented ____________ to one another. Within the centrosome, there are a ___ of cylindrical-shaped centrioles triplets perpendicular pair Centrosome Centrioles CENTROSOMES and CENTRIOLES Centrosomes are considered MTOCs, or __________ organizing centers. This is where microtubules are __________. synthesized microtubule

CENTRAL VACUOLE and often takes up the _______ of the cytoplasm of a plant cell. It is the ______ organelle within a plant cell, majority largest

CENTRAL VACUOLE This helps keep the cell _____ (firm). due to the volume of _____ within the vacuole. This is the __________ pressure pushing outwards on the cell It has two main important functions: water hydrostatic Turgor Pressure: Storage: turgid The vacuole functions to store _____ and _____ water waste

is located outside of the _____________, and is composed of a polysaccharide called ________. The cell wall in plants cellulose CELL WALL cell membrane

CELL WALL The cell wall has two main important functions: Support and Protection: Prevents Overexpansion: Cellulose is tough and rigid. The wall prevents _________________ from over-expanding the cell. hydrostatic pressure Cell wall fights back! is located outside of the _____________, and is composed of a polysaccharide called ________. The cell wall in plants cellulose cell membrane

Like mitochondria, they also have their own circular ___________ and _________ for _____________. (a stack of thylakoids; CHLOROPLAST ribosomes A chloroplast is composed of: double membrane (liquid inside inner membrane) (space inside thylakoid) (photosynthetic) (one photosynthetic membrane sac) chromosomeself-replication (links two grana; lamellae is plural) grana is plural)

and a green pigment called __________ CHLOROPLAST The main function of the chloroplast is to produce ______ for the plant cell in a chemical process called _____________. It uses ____________ and _____ as reactants, glucose It produces ______ and ______ as products. carbon dioxide water glucose photosynthesis oxygen Chemical formula for photosynthesis: +++ chlorophyll to capture the _______ needed to power the reaction. chlorophyll sunlight