Multinational Planning Augmentation Team (MPAT TE-2) Staff Planning Workshop Multinational Planning Augmentation Team (MPAT TE-2) Staff Planning Workshop MNF / CTF Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief Operations Overview

Purpose Broad introduction of Civil Affairs Considerations in Humanitarian Assistance Operations VIIV NGOs/IO III US Organizations II The Players I Terminology Military NGOs OFDA/DART DOS/EMB UN VI COA Development V Transition to a Non Military Effort

US HA/DR DOCTRINE TERMINOLOGY u Foreign Humanitarian Assistance (FHA): Operations conducted to relieve or reduce the results of natural or manmade disasters or other endemic conditions such as human suffering, disease, or privation that might present a serious threat to life or that can result in great damage to or loss of property. u Conducted outside US – Limited in scope and duration – Assistance provided to supplement or compliment the efforts of the Host Nation (HN) Joint Pub (Draft) u Disaster Relief (DR): Covers Natural and Manmade Disasters. Joint Pub (Draft)

Multinational Operations: A collective term to describe military actions conducted by forces of two or more nations, typically organized within the structure of a coalition or alliance. Combined Operation: An operation conducted by forces of two or more allied nations acting together for the accomplishment of a single mission. Coalition: an ad hoc arrangement between two or more nations for common action... usually for a single action or longer cooperation in a narrow sector of common interest. Examples: Desert Storm, Somalia Multinational Operations: A collective term to describe military actions conducted by forces of two or more nations, typically organized within the structure of a coalition or alliance. Combined Operation: An operation conducted by forces of two or more allied nations acting together for the accomplishment of a single mission. Coalition: an ad hoc arrangement between two or more nations for common action... usually for a single action or longer cooperation in a narrow sector of common interest. Examples: Desert Storm, Somalia Joint Pub 1-02 More Terminology Joint Pub 1-02

Perspectives on Multinational Operations “Allies are the most aggravating of people. They are so difficult to understand, so unreasonable; they approach quite straightforward problems from such extraordinary angles. Even when one agrees with them on common objectives their methods towards obtaining them are so queer, so very queer. They even introduce consideration of their own national politics and hangovers from their past history, none of which have the faintest bearing on the matter of immediate issue. Their most annoying characteristic, however, is that among all the arguing and haggling is the astonishing way they seem quite incapable of recognizing how sound, how wise, how experienced are our views; how fair, indeed how generous, how big hearted we are..” Field Marshall William Slim “Allies are the most aggravating of people. They are so difficult to understand, so unreasonable; they approach quite straightforward problems from such extraordinary angles. Even when one agrees with them on common objectives their methods towards obtaining them are so queer, so very queer. They even introduce consideration of their own national politics and hangovers from their past history, none of which have the faintest bearing on the matter of immediate issue. Their most annoying characteristic, however, is that among all the arguing and haggling is the astonishing way they seem quite incapable of recognizing how sound, how wise, how experienced are our views; how fair, indeed how generous, how big hearted we are..” Field Marshall William Slim

Humanitarian Assistance Operations u Provide Comfort - Turkey/N. Iraq (HA) u Sea Angel I & II - Bangladesh (HA) u Fiery Vigil - Philippines (HA) u Guantanamo/Panama-- Haitian Refugees (HA) u Provide Hope - Former Soviet Union (HA) u Provide Relief - Kenya/Somalia (HA) u Restore Hope - Somalia (HA) u Provide Promise - Former Yugoslavia (HA) u Pacific Haven - Guam (HA) u East Timor (PO / HA) u Earthquake Relief - India (HA)

TYPES OF HA OPERATIONS COMPLEXITY Unilateral MULTI- NATIONAL UN TYPES OF OPERATIONS

HA/DR RESPONDERS NGO’s/PVO’s Non-Governmental/ Private Volunteer Orgs HOST-NATION GOVERNMENT INTERNATIONAL ORGs (INT’L RED CROSS) IO s OFFICE OF FOREIGN DISASTER ASSISTANCE SUPPORT OFDA MNF / CTF UNITED NATIONS EMBASSIES

Ambassadors/Chiefs of Mission Responsible for Overall Direction, Coordination, and Supervision of Supporting Government Activities in the Host Country Responsible for Successful Completion of the HA/DR and Safety of their Government’s Citizens For the US: State Department = Lead Federal Agency for HA

Ambassadors/Chief of Missions The Ambassador Is Not in the Military Chain of Command but a US JTF/CTF Commander Will Fully Support the Ambassador’s Plans and Cooperate With Lead Federal Agency / DOS and Embassy Personnel, Without Compromising Mission Requirements Pg I-6 and II-3, JP

“What’s the relationship between a just- arrived military force and the NGOs and PVOs that might have been working in a crisis-torn area all along? What we have is a partnership. If you are successful, they are successful; and if they are successful, you are successful. We need each other.” GEN J. M. Shalikashvili, CJCS NGO / PVO RELATIONSHIP TO THE MNF / CTF

“The military is enamored with timelines, no-later-than dates, and ultimatums. We on the other hand spend endless hours waiting and toiling for the slightest glimmer of hope in a situation unencumbered by deadlines and concrete results. Clearly, there are two diametrically opposed philosophies.” USLO Mogadishu, Somalia

MNF / CTF COMMANDER u Responsible for all phases of the military operation u Provides short-term assistance u Provides military assistance to Governmental and Non-governmental agencies u Capacity Building u Establishes Liaison teams u Orchestrates the transition of responsibilities to other agencies

Civil Military Operations Center (CMOC) u Coordination Center – Humanitarian Operations Coordinating Center (HOCC) – Humanitarian Assistance Coordinating Center (HACC) – Civil Military Coordination Center (CMCC) u Composite force, multinational u Provides a centralized location for coordinating military support to non-military organizations

CIVIL MILITARY OPERATIONS CENTER (CMOC) CMOC DIRECTOR OPERATIONS SECTION ADMIN/ SUPPORT SECTION NON-MILITARY REPRESENTATIVES

CMOC NGOs & PVOs USG Agencies UN Children’s Fund Dept of Peacekeeping Operations High Commissioner for Refugees InterActionCARE Doctors of the World Save the Children Intl Rescue Committee OFDA / DART Red Cross ICRC World Food Programme Country Team

Requests for Assistance u Non-military organizations submit requests for Assistance (RFA) to CMOC u CMOC validates requirements (w/ HN, UNOCHA, OFDA) u CMOC forwards validated requirements to military commander for approval u Approved RFAs tasked to units by CTF C3 u CMOC provides venue to coordinate execution between military and non- military organizations

OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT PERMISSIVE UNCERTAIN HOSTILE MNF/ CTF

u Permissive: Little or no threat to military forces. Normally associated with Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief operation r u Common purpose – Quantifiable problem – Clear objectives – Host Nation cooperation u Uncertain: Host Nation government does have total and effective control over the territory and population in the Area of Operations u Hostile: range from civil disorder or terrorist actions to full-scale combat – Multiple conflicting parties – Imminent danger to all parties – Relief effort may be manipulated by combatants for political gain – Potential for relief to be used by combatants OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

TRANSITION AND / OR TERMINATION u FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES u TRANSITION PLAN u FISCAL GUIDANCE u TRANSITION CRITERIA TRANSITION PLANNING

MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS APPROPRIATE MISSION- RELATED MEASURABLE REASONABLE IN NUMBER SENSITIVE USEFUL

PRINCIPLES OF MILITARY OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR OBJECTIVE UNITY OF EFFORT PERSEVERANCE SECURITY RESTRAINT LEGITIMACY

COA DEVELOPMENT STEPS--HA / DR 1. Coordinate with HA Partners (Host Nation, UN, IO, NGO/PVOs, Lead Government Agencies, etc.) 2. Determine threat / operational environment(s) 3. Analyze force capabilities 4. Array force capabilities (HA, security, medical, transportation, etc.) 5. Develop scheme of maneuver 6. Determine C2 means and maneuver control measures 7. Prepare COA statement and sketch 8. Prepare staff estimates

HA / DR DISCUSSION ITEMS u Symbology and maps- Depiction of non-military operations u What is the role of traditional Intel in support of HA/DR u The role of PSYOP and CA u Operational Environment/Force Protection

Lessons Learned (Cont’d) u Each operation differs- No universal doctrine & SOPs u Plan inclusively- include non-military players u Know the HA partners and how they support the mission u Understand the media: Objectives; scope of assistance; military endstate u Don’t underestimate people’s coping skills

Thank you for your attention