Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case M I C R O B I O L O G Y a n i n t r o d u c t i o n ninth edition TORTORA  FUNKE  CASE Part A 10 Classification of Microorganisms

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Taxonomy  Taxonomy  The science of classifying organisms  Provides universal names for organisms  Provides a reference for identifying organisms

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Taxonomy  Systematics or phylogeny: The study of the evolutionary history of organisms.  All Species Inventory ( )  To identify all species of life on Earth  Possibly as many as 10 to 100 million with fewer than 10% discovered (1.7 million)

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Taxonomy  1735Plant and Animal Kingdoms  1857Bacteria and fungi put in the Plant Kingdom  1866Kingdom Protista proposed for bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi  1937Prokaryote introduced for cells "without a nucleus"  1959Kingdom Fungi  1961Prokaryote defined as cells in which nucleoplasm is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane  1968Kingdom Monera proposed  1978Two types of prokaryotic cells found

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Three-Domain System Table 10.1

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Three-Domain System Figure 10.1

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 10.2

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Endosymbiotic Theory Figures 10.2, 10.3 Cyanophora paradoxa

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Scientific Binomial Source of Genus Name Source of Specific Epithet Klebsiella pneumoniaeHonors Edwin KlebsThe disease Pfiesteria piscicidaHonors Lois PfiesterDisease in fish Salmonella typhimuriumHonors Daniel SalmonStupor (typh-) in mice (muri-) Streptococcus pyogenes Chains of cells (strepto-) Forms pus (pyo-) Penicillium chrysogenum Tuftlike (penicill-)Produces a yellow (chryso-) pigment Trypanosoma cruziCorkscrew-like (trypano-, borer; soma-, body) Honors Oswaldo Cruz Scientific Names

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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Taxonomic Hierarchy Figure 10.5

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Species Definition  Eukaryotic species: A group of closely related organisms that breed among themselves  Prokaryotic species: A population of cells with similar characteristics  Clone: Population of cells derived from a single cell  Strain: Genetically different cells within a clone  Viral species: Population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies a particular ecological niche

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Domain Eukarya  Animalia: Multicellular; no cell walls; chemoheterotrophic  Plantae: Multicellular; cellulose cell walls; usually photoautotrophic  Fungi: Chemoheterotrophic; unicellular or multicellular; cell walls of chitin; develop from spores or hyphal fragments  Protista: A catchall for eukaryotic organisms that do not fit other kingdoms

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Identification Methods  Morphological characteristics: Useful for identifying eukaryotes  Differential staining: Gram staining, acid- fast staining  Biochemical tests: Determines presence of bacterial enzymes Figure 10.8

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Overview (1 of 3) “Enterotube II”

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Enterotube II

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.7