#2 I can compare characteristics of the 5 kingdoms and give examples RATE yourself in the “now” column 1-5

1) Grades and notebooks back 2) REVIEW viruses 3) Ch 3 notes #2 – classification 4) Assignment TODAY 4pm it for report card grades TOMORROW: QUIZ on the 8 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

 How it works:  Hopefully you have the highest grade possible to get your GPA high!  Those few people who failed this MP – you MUST pass the next MP with a “C” or higher to get credits and not be behind. (will have to take summer school or still be 9 th grader next year)

 Overall notebooks really good!  PROBLEMS seen: - some not having all warm-ups - many not filling out the Learning Target Sheet all the way

 SUB: 1 st, 2 nd hour overall really good THANK YOU! 3 people from 2 nd hour will get lunch detention and a call home. *** Remember, if you do not serve your lunch detention, then it is a suspension (these go on your record) 3 rd hour – bad report and not much work in. Yesterday was worth 90 pts. Terrible way to start your new grades with an E now. Especially since conferences are 2 weeks away.

1) Examples of viruses? 2) Are viruses alive? grow - YES and NO develop – YES and NO lifespan - YES AND NO use energy - not them, but HOST does cells/DNA - cells, not DNA adaptations - YES respond - they are not sure reproduce ** - YES and NO 3) HOW viruses work

Small pox Early 1900’s

 Means to put things into groups based on similarities  TAXONOMY – The science of classifying living things

Most important trait taxonomists use to classify organisms is their structure (their body or shape)

1. Show similarities between organisms 2. Show relatedness between organisms 3. Easier to study and communicate information about organisms

 Though taxonomists have been cataloging plants and animals for more than 250 years, they still have no exact answer to the question, “How many species are on Earth?” ESTIMATE: Over 8 million different organisms found on Earth Many say only discovered 10% of organisms on earth! Some estimate 100 million!

 We have a large DIVERSITY (variety) of organisms in earth because of EVOLUTION!

 70 percent of the world's species are in 12 countries :  Australia, Brazil, China, Columbia, Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Madagascar, Mexico, Peru, and Zaire.

 New species of organisms are being found all the time – look at their traits to figure out what group they are in, what they are related to  Average of 740 new year!

 Leptotyphlops carlae was found in a patch of forest on the eastern side of Barbados. Thin as a spaghetti noodle and small enough to curl up on a quarter, it's believed to embody the evolutionary limits of snake smallness.

 Only three specimens of Martialis heureka have been found, all outside the Amazon jungle city of Manaus — but that's all scientists needed to trace a direct evolutionary lineage to the last known ancestor of all living ants, a subterranean creature that lived 120 million years ago. Martialis heureka

 grey-faced sengi Distant ancestor to elephants

 In 2005, the area was dubbed a "lost world" after scientists discovered dozens of new plants and animals in the dense jungle.

 A giant rodent five times the size of a common rat has been discovered in the mountainous jungles of New Guinea.rodent rat

 The animal is the rarest arboreal, jungle-dwelling kangaroo in the world, the researchers say.

 Carpomys melanurus, or the greater dwarf cloud rat, found in the rain- forest treetops of the Philippines Carpomys melanurus

 Thawed from ice recovered two miles below the surface of a 120,000-year- old Greenland glacier, C. greenlandensis appears unchanged by its time in deep-freeze.

Need to know some Important vocab words DO PART 3 and 4 on your sheet Turn it in today when you are done.

Unicellular – one cell Multicellular – many cells Heterotroph – eats other things for food (consumers) Autotroph – makes its own food from sunlight (producers)

 Prokaryote – cell with no nucleus (like a brain)  Eukaryote – cell has nucleus

 Asexual - does not need a male and female to reproduce / usually just splits in two  Sexual - needs a male and female to reproduce

EVERY LIVING THING IS PUT INTO ONE OF FIVE GROUPS CALLED KINGDOMS BASED ON ITS CHARACTERISTICS/ TRAITS

 MONERA  PROTISTA  FUNGI  PLANTAE  ANIMILIA 3fvutMc

ARCHAE - archaebacteria “living fossils” – date back 3.5 billion years ago Can live in extreme environments like volcanic hot springs or acid water

1. MONERA (eubacteria) * unicellular * prokaryote * reproduce asexually – splitting * mostly heterotrophic – (absorb food) EX: bacteria

 The first living thing on earth was bacteria!  Main importance: to decompose/ break down dead material  Many can cause diseases: such as typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis, diphtheria, and pneumonia

All the bacteria living inside you would fill a half-gallon jug; there are 10 times more bacterial cells in your body than human cells, according to Carolyn Bohach, a microbiologist at the University of Idaho There are estimated to be more than 500 species living at any one time in an adult intestine

2. PROTISTA (250,000 species) * unicellular * eukaryote * mostly asexual reproduction * autotroph or heterotroph EX: algea, ameoba, paramecium

 Found mostly in water  Importance: used in detergents, polishes, paint removers, insulators, fertilizers, deodorizers, plankton (food for marine animals) One type causes malaria

The next kingdom was added in 1969

3. FUNGI (100,00) * mostly multicellular (except yeast) * eukaryote * reproduce asexually and sexually (spores) * most heterotrophic (absorbs food) EX: mushrooms, fungus, mold yeast

Importance: for decomposing dead organisms, helping plants grow, food, antibiotic Penicillin Negative: some can be poisonous, kills plants (crops), infections such as athletes foot, spoil food, cause allergies

Mold is used to make cheese, soy sauce

 Bread and beer and wine

2. PLANT (350,000) * multicellular * eukaryotic with cell walls * autotrophic * sexual reproduction - seeds EX: moss, ferns, grass, trees

IMPORTANCE: oxygen for us to breathe, food, clothing, shelter, medicines

5. ANIMALIA (1,000,000) * multicellular * eukaryotic * heterotrophic * sexual reproduction most complex organisms: EX: horse, dogs, birds, humans, bugs

1 st living thing - bacteria

1. List the 5 kingdoms. 2. Which kingdom(s) is unicellular only? 3. What do you call a cell that has a true nucleus? 4. What do you call an animals that needs to eat food to survive? 5. What do the fungi and plant kingdoms have in common?

EACH OF THE 5 KINGDOMS ARE BROKEN DOWN INTO SMALLER GROUPS BASED ON WHAT THE ORGANISMS HAVE IN COMMON….

1. Kingdom (largest group) 2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus 7. Species (smallest group - all the same type) Kings Play Chess On Flat Game Surfaces

 Kingdom: Animalia  Phylum: Chordata  Class: Mammalia  Order: Primata  Family: Hominadae  Genus: Homo  Species: sapiens

Large DIVERSITY of organisms: over 10 million organisms on earth! Nearly 70% of these are insects There are many species are so small you can’t see them without a microscope 99% of all plant and animal species that have existed have already become extinct!