1 5/27/2016 Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Hugh B. Fackrell Computer Filename: pkvsek.ppt

2 5/27/2016 Presentation Outline n Major Groups of Organisms n Classification of Organisms n Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

3 5/27/2016 Background Terms & Concepts n Proteins n Membranes (membr.ppt) n Formation of lipid bilayers (membr.ppt) n Prokaryotes n Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes n Evolution of eukaryotes

4 5/27/2016 Cell n Basic unit of all organisms in the various kingdoms n Cell membrane n Protoplasm n Genetic information n DNA & RNA

5 5/27/2016 Major Groups of Organisms n Plants n Animals n Fungi n Protista n Prokaryotes n Viruses

6 5/27/2016 Major Groups of Organisms n Plants: –photosynthetic, inorganic food n Animals: –non photosynthetic, organic food

7 5/27/2016 Major Groups of Organisms n Fungi: –non photosynthetic, organic food, –microscopic, filamentous n Subgroups –Yeasts –True fungi n molds,rusts, smuts, mushrooms 1 of 2

8 5/27/2016 Protista n Microscopic eukaryotes –Food organic or inorganic –Some photosynthetic n Examples –Slime molds –Algae –Protozoa

9 5/27/2016 Prokaryotes n Characteristics –No nucleus or nuclear membrane –Microscopic –Food organic or inorganic –Some photosynthetic è Bacteria n Cyanobacteria n Eubacteria è Archaea (archaebacteria)

10 5/27/2016 Viruses n Non cellular –Reproduce only in living host cells –Food from living cells –By infection only n ONE nucleic acid –DNA viruses –RNA viruses n Protective protein coat

11 5/27/2016 Viroids n Special subgroup of viruses that lack the protective protein coat

12 5/27/2016 Prions n Mad cow disease, scrapie n “Infectious” proteins –genetically coded by animal n 2 configurations of same protein –One form harmless –Second form pathologic –Pathological configuration acts as a template to convert harmless form

13 5/27/2016 Classification of Organisms n From Fossil Record & Morphology – Five Kingdoms- plants, animals,fungi, protistia, prokaryotes –Prokaryotes - Eubacteria, Archeobacteria n From Cellular organization – Three kingdoms- Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Eukaryotes

14 5/27/2016 Empires n Level of organization above the kingdom level n Archaea (formerly Archaebacteria) n Bacteria ( formerly Eubacteria) n Eucarya (plants, animals, protista, fungi)

15 5/27/2016 Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes n Prokaryotes n No nuclear membrane n DNA in ONE molecule free in cytoplasm n No membrane bound organelles n No cytoskeleton n Eukaryotes n Nuclear membrane n DNA organized in several molecules (chromosomes) n Many different membrane bound organelles n Cytoskeleton

16 5/27/2016 Prokaryotes (details) Size:1-10  Size:1-10  n Flagella: simple, 2 proteins n Capsule: extracellular polymer n Cell wall: usual, complex n Plasma membrane: no carbohydrates or sterols n Ribosomes: small(70S) n Cell division: binary fission

17 5/27/2016 Eukaryotes (details) Size:  Size:  n Flagella: Complex, many microtublules n Capsule: none n Cell wall: if present chemically simple n Plasma membrane:Sterols & carbohydrates n Ribosomes: large (80S) in cytoplasm –small(70S) in organelles n Cell division: mitosis

18 5/27/2016 Summary n Simple cells n Single circular chromosome n 1-2 microns in size n few internal compartments or organelles n Complex Cell Wall common n Cell wall unique