Classification / Taxonomy 10.01.2009 - Taxonomy - method of classifying living things - Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms in which genetic material,

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Presentation transcript:

Classification / Taxonomy Taxonomy - method of classifying living things - Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms in which genetic material, or DNA, is not enclosed in a central cellular compartment called the nucleus. Bacteria and archaea are the only prokaryotes. All other life forms are Eukaryotes, creatures whose cells have nuclei. (Note: viruses are not considered true cells, so they don't fit into either of these categories.)

Domain -Biological Domains - the highest taxonomic rank of organisms. According to the three-domain system, all life fits into one of the following three domains: -Archaea - are single-celled creatures that join bacteria to make up a category of life called the Prokaryotes. Bacteria-like organisms that live in extreme environmentshttp:// -Bacteria - Microscopic and mostly unicellular, with a relatively simple cell structure lacking a cell nucleus, cytoskeleton, and organelles. Bacteria are the most abundant of all organisms. -Many believe that more complex cells developed as once free-living bacteria took up residence in other cells, eventually becoming the organelles in modern complex cells. The mitochondria (mite-oh-con- dree-uh) that make energy for your body cells is one example of such an organelle. -Eukarya - A group of organisms that that have a nucleus in each cell. Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are all eukaryotic organisms.

Kingdom -Biological Kingdom - a system of six classifications of living organisms: -Animalia – the animals - all multicellular organisms that have a central nervous system and need to consume other organisms for their energy. -Plantae – the plants - about 300,000 species of organism that all contain chlorophyll to obtain energy from the sun. -Fungi – the fungus - lacking chlorophyll and feeding on organic matter; including yeast, molds, smuts, mushrooms, and toadstools. -Protista – unicellular and have a true nucleus (eukaryotic). They may be heterotrophic or autothrophic (able to make their own food). They may also be motile or sessile (not free to move about). -Archaea – See Prior Slide -Bacteria – See Prior Slide

Phylum Phylum - a primary or main division of a kingdom, composed of a group of related classes -Example: (within the Kingdom Animalia) * Phylum Chordata – containing animals with nerve chords - this group includes the vertebrates

Class -category of the classification scheme of living organisms ranking below a phylum. (slightly more focused group of organisms within a phylum) -Example: Kingdom - Anamalia Phylum – Arthropod (invertebrate having jointed limbs and a segmented body with an exoskeleton made of chitin) Class – Insecta

Order grouping of related / similar families Example: warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings (Birds)

Family containing a group of related genera (groups of species). -Example: Homo habils, erectus, sapiens

Genus somewhat similar organisms having one or more species which are structurally or physiologically related. Most likely a direct result of speciation (divergence in an ancestral species)

Species What’s your definition???

Group Assessment – Due Your group will be assigned a kingdom to teach the class about. 1.Develop PowerPoint presentation for the class defining / explaining / providing examples of your assigned kingdom. 2.From kingdom, provide two lineage examples (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species). Walk us through the classification / taxonomic system.