Wednesday December 3, 2014 Mr. Goblirsch – U.S. History OBJECTIVE – Students Will Be Able To – SWBAT: -Explore the reasons the U.S. entered World War I. AGENDA: 1)WARM-UP: Entering WWI Vocab 2)VIDEO CLIP & READING: American entry into WWI 3)INVESTIGATING: Why did the U.S. enter WWI? 4)WEB: Mobilization – Class Discussion 5)CHART: U.S. Military Expansion (Army & Navy) ***MID-TERM Exam Study Guide – up to 10 points EXTRA CREDIT*** Entering WWI Vocab WARM-UP: (Follow the directions below) ***5 Minutes*** Define the terms below using the glossary of your textbook. 1.Lusitania2. Zimmerman Note

Mobilizing for War Government Action / Law / Agency WHY?WHAT DID IT DO? HOW? SUCCESS? Use P Blue Heading“America Mobilizes” Selective Service Act Expanded the Navy

THE WAR HITS HOME  During the first two years of the war, America was providing (selling) the allied forces dynamite, cannon powder, submarines, copper wire and tubing and other war material  Both the Germans and British imposed naval blockades on each other  The Germans used U-boats (submarines) to prevent shipments to the North Atlantic  Any ship found in the waters around Britain would be sunk German U-boat 1919

THE LUSITANIA DISASTER  United States involvement in World War I was hastened by the Lusitania disaster  The Lusitania was a British passenger liner that carried 1,198 persons on a fateful trip on May 7, 1915  A German U-boat sank the British passenger liner killing all aboard including 128 American tourists  The Germans claimed the ship was carrying Allied ammunition  Americans were outraged and public opinion turned against Germany and the Central Powers May 7, 1915

1916 ELECTION  The November 1916 election pitted incumbent Democrat Woodrow Wilson vs. Republican candidate Supreme Court justice Charles Evans Hughes  Wilson won a close election using the slogan, “He kept us out of war”  That slogan would prove ironic because within a few months the United States would be embroiled in World War I Wilson

AMERICA EDGES CLOSER TO WAR Several factors came together to bring the U.S. into the war;  1) Germany ignored Wilson’s plea for peace  2) The Zimmerman Note, a telegram from the German foreign minister to the German Ambassador in Mexico, proposed an alliance  Germany promised Mexico a return of their “lost territory” in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona  3) Next came the sinking of four unarmed U.S. merchant ships by German subs Encoded message from Germany to Mexico (Zimmerman note)

Zimmerman note intercepted by a British agent and decoded

AMERICA DECLARES WAR  A light drizzle fell on Washington on April 2, 1917, as senators, representatives, ambassadors, members of the Supreme Court, and other guests crowded into the Capital building to hear Wilson deliver his declaration of war  Wilson said, “The world must be safe for democracy”  Congress passed the resolution a few days later

Mobilizing for War Part II Government Action / Law / Agency WHY?WHAT DID IT DO? HOW? SUCCESS? Use P – Blue Headings“Congress Gives Power to Wilson,” “Selling the War,” & “Attacks on Civil Liberties” War Industries Board Railroad Administration Fuel Administration National War Labor Board Food Administration Taxes & Financing Committee on Public Information Espionage & Sedition Acts

III. Social Changes during WWI A.Men 1.Selective Service Act – 24 million registered, 3 million drafted, 2 million served (prior to war, only 200,000) 2.Opens up job opportunities B.Women 1.Over 13,000 women enlisted in navy & marines, volunteered in Army without rank 2.Moved into “male-only” jobs – RxR workers, cooks, dockworkers, construction, coal mining, shipbuilding 3.Served traditional roles – nurses, clerks, teachers, Red cross, sold war bonds “The services of women during the supreme crisis have been of the most signal usefulness and distinction; it is high time that part of our debt should be acknowledged.” – Woodrow Wilson 4.19 th Amendment – Women’s suffrage

Social Changes during WWI C.African Americans 1.400,000 served in segregated army units 2.Increased job opportunities in cities – automobile industry, steel mills, munitions plants 3.Great Migration – large scale movement of hundreds of thousands of Southern A.A. to northern cities (New York, Chicago, Philadelphia) 4.Prejudice & tension over jobs = race riots (1917 – St. Louis, 1919 – Chicago) D.Immigrants 1.1/5 drafted foreign-born 2.German & Austrian immigrants targeted 3.Anti-German fervor – schools stop teaching language, remove books w/ Germ authors – refused to play German music, changed some German words (German measles = liberty measles, Sauerkraut = liberty cabbage) 4.Espionage & Sedition Acts – targeted socialists – opposed war & encouraged strikes = sabotaging war effort

WWI Propaganda

Ch 11 Sec 2, 3

II. Raising an Army A. May 1917 – Congress passed Selective Service Act Men Randomly Picked for Military Service Blacks put in Segregated Units Women denied army rank, serve non-combat navy & marine positions

B. Expanding the Navy 1.Exempted shipyard workers from draft 2.Emphasized importance of shipyard work 3. Used Mass Production techniques (Reduce Construction time) Standardized Parts Assembled at Shipyard July 4, Ships Launched 4. Converted commercial & private ships for war use

III. War at Home A.Govt takes more economic control 1.Established War Industries Board to supervise war production 2.Established National Labor Board to settle labor- management disputes 3.Established Food Administration to produce & conserve food B.Selling the War 1.Raised money through taxes & selling war bonds 2.Established Committee on Public Information to raise public support for the war

III. War at Home cont’d C.Attacking civil liberties 1.Ger & Aust-Hung immigrants faced discrimination & violence 2.Congress passed Espionage & Sedition Acts D.Social change 1.Great Migration – war-related jobs prompted A.A. migration from South to Northern cities 2.Women fill jobs that were male-only previously, services during war prompt 19 th Amendment

Schenck v. U.S. Review Questions Directions: After reading the Schenck v. U.S. case, answer the questions below. 1)What was the argument in the Schenck v. United States case? 2)What was the Supreme Court’s decision? What principle did it establish?