BY: HANNAH SCHILBERG AND OWEN KELTY FASCISM

WHAT IS FASCISM? Fascism- (noun) (Dictionary) a political philosophy, movement, or regime (as that of the Fascisti) that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition (Self) an idea that basis all of its thoughts on the state and views it as the highest power Latin word - Fasces Main Characteristics -large and very important military -Powerful nationalism -important national defense

HOW WAS FASCISM STARTED? Ideas and thoughts were gained by philosophers as far back as the 8 th Century ( ) Introduced by Benito Mussolini in 1919 The ideas had been around for a long time, but Mussolini put them together to form a “faith.” Once in power fascism functioned as a changing collection of ideas that allowed the leaders to maintain as much control as possible

HOW WAS FASCISM IN THE PAST? Fascism was introduced to the world during WW2 in Italy by Benito Mussolini Fascist of Italy and Germany during WW2 were able to gain power by manipulating the democratic systems that were in place Napoleon suffered defeat. The same will be with Hitler. Fascist states were often aggressive and dangerous, though only lasted a short while

VIEWS ON FASCISM Different depending on personal view U.S. Congressman Sol Bloom “Mussolini will be a great thing not only for Italy but for all of us if he succeeds. It is his inspiration, his determination, his constant toil that has literally rejuvenated Italy.” Novelist Palme Dutte “…fascism as an ideological and political force adapts itself to the ideological and political currents of the social circumstances in which it manifests. As such, to merely categorize fascism based on one incidence of fascism, to merely cite one manifestation of fascism for its cultural and political peculiarities in one’s defining of fascism, is to miss the larger picture and the larger forces at work.” British Intellect George Bernard Shaw “Socialists should be delighted to find at last a socialist (Mussolini) who speaks and thinks as responsible rulers do.”

GEORGE ORWELL'S VIEW ON FASCISM Groups of people he has seen labeled “Fascists” Conservatives Socialists Comminists War Resisters War Supporters Nationalists Believes that there are differences in how Fascism can be practiced

FASCISM IN RUSSIA Putin Fascism spreading Decline of average quality of life Murders

FASCISM IN OTHER PLACES After WW2 Italy Germany Instead of being hunted down, fascist organizations and officials began being recruited by the West during the Cold War Butchered resistance to American Imperialism Provided information on Soviet efforts America Fascist sprinkle in ideas that form rallies/commotions such as the attempted bombing of the M. L. K. Jr. parade in 2011.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FASCISM AND COMMUNISM? Fascism Has blind submission to authority State is the highest type of government (considered above all else) No human values exist outside of the state Believe that everything is within the State, nothing is above the State, nothing is outside the State, and nothing is against the State Think on a National Level Has State control (State has control over everything) Communism Has an idea of removing the inequalities among people No classes (everything is equal) No states Became popular after Bolshevik Revolution The community holds the production and major resources Think on a global level Has State ownership (oversees everything, can intervene when necessary, but not as restricted as Fascism)

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FASCISM AND NAZISM? Fascism Believes in corporatism to form and “Organic State” (beginning, simple, original) Not racial, no strong opinion of any race State is most important element Based on political ideology Tried to demolish the class system Considered state to be a form of nationalism Nazism Emphasized racism Considered “Aryanism” to be most important (holds same terms as the state in Fascism) Based on racial hatred Wanted to get rid of the class system Considered state to be as a means for the advancement of a master race

“…people who recklessly fling… ‘Fascist’ in every direction attach…an emotional significance to it. By ‘Fascism’ they mean…something cruel, unscrupulous, arrogant, obscurantist, anti-liberal and anti-working-class, except for the relatively small number of Fascist sympathizers…Fascism is also a political and economic system. Why, then, cannot we have a clear and generally accepted definition of it? … it is impossible to define Fascism satisfactorily without making admissions which neither the Fascists themselves, nor the Conservatives, nor Socialists of any colour, are willing to make. All one can do for the moment is to use the word with a certain amount of circumspection and not, as is usually done, degrade it to the level of a swearword. A QUOTE BY GEORGE ORWELL