Early Childhood Body growth Motor development Nutrition Illness and death Piaget’s stages Vygotsky Information processing Language development Education The self Moral development Gender Parenting Child abuse Siblings Changing families Peers Play Television

Body Growth and Change Height and Weight The Brain

Motor Development Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills Handedness

Nutrition Energy Needs Eating Behavior Obesity in Childhood

Illness and Death The United States The State of Illness and Health of the World’s Children

Piaget’s Preoperational Stage of Development Characteristics of the Preoperational Stage Definition of Operations Symbolic Function Substage Intuitive Thought Substage

Conservation Examples

Vygotsky’s Theory of Development The Zone of Proximal Development Scaffolding in Cognitive Development Language and Thought Evaluating and Comparing Vygotsky’s and Piaget’s Theories Teaching Strategies Based on Vygotsky’s Theory

Comparing Piaget & Vygotsky

Information Processing Attention Memory Strategies The Young Child’s Theory of Mind

Language Development Morphology Semantics Pragmatics

Early Childhood Education The Child-Centered Kindergarten The Montessori Approach Developmental Practices Does Preschool Matter? Education for Disadvantaged Children

The Self Initiative Versus Guilt Self-Understanding Emotional Development

Moral Development What Is Moral Development? Piaget’s View of How Children’s Moral Reasoning Develops Moral Behavior Moral Feelings

Gender What Is Gender? Biological Influences Social Influences Cognitive Influences

Parenting Parenting: Nature and Nurture Good Parenting Takes Time and Effort

Parenting Styles Authoritarian Parenting Authoritative Parenting Neglectful Parenting Indulgent Parenting (aka Laissez-Faire or Permissive)

Child Abuse The Basics of Child Abuse The Multifaceted Nature of Abuse Severity of Abuse The Cultural Context of Abuse Family Influences Developmental Consequences of Abuse

Sibling Relationships Children’s sibling relationships include helping, sharing, teaching, fighting, and playing. Children can act as emotional supports, rivals, and communication partners. Because of the large number of possible sibling combinations, it is difficult to generalize about sibling influences. Factors to consider: number, ages, and sex of siblings, birth order, and age spacing.

The Changing Family in a Changing Society Working Parents Effects of Divorce on Children Cultural and Ethnic Variations in Families

Peer Relations Peers - children of about the same age or maturity. The peer group provides a source of information and comparison about the world outside the family. Children receive feedback on their abilities from peers.

Types of Play Sensorimotor and Practice Play Pretense/Symbolic Play Social Play Constructive Play Games

Television Television’s Many Roles Amount of Television Watching by Children Effects of Television on Children’s Aggression and Prosocial Behavior Television and Cognitive Development