CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION CONTEXT SECTOR: LIVESTOCK

Summary of Data Sources – Sector/Cluster FGD #MaleFemaleVulnerability Analysis Preparedness and Response Resource Use and Access Data Summary

CVCA – Livestock Sector

5 = Constant 4 = 1-2 years 3 = 3-5 years 2 = 5-10 years

CVCA – Livestock Sector 5 = Constant 4 = 1-2 years 3 = 3-5 years 2 = 5-10 years

CVCA – Livestock Sector

Preparedness and Response Coping Stress sell of Livestock Purchase of livestock feed (Supplementary feeding) Reducing meals Killing of calves to save mothers Stress migration Supplementary feeding Request for aid (food, feed, vaccination, water) Feeding livestock with tree leaves Prayer Adaptation Sale of livestock – purchase inputs; savings Livestock vaccination & treatment Separation of wet & dry season grazing areas (seasonal mobility) Herd management/diversification Reserved grazing areas Feed production and storage (crop residue/grasses, hay making) Bush thinning and clearing Food/Grain storage Water harvesting; water structure maintenance

Preparedness and Response EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES Separation of wet & dry season grazing areas/seasonal mobility Communal reserve grazing areas Feed production and storage (crop residue/grasses, hay making) Changing livestock composition Rain water harvesting Rehabilitating water structures REASONS Reduces degradation Source of alternative income Done in advance - timely Maximizing resource productivity Adapting to shifting conditions

Preparedness and Response – Livestock Sector Reasons for more effectiveness Restricts livestock mobility Loss of assets – limited gains Cause conflict with hosting community High impact on nutrition and social cohesion Less effective strategies Private enclosures Forced selling of livestock Killing calves Forced migration Reduced consumption

Resource Access and Control – Livestock Sector SECTOR RESOURCESAfarSouthEast LivestockMen Control; Women more trusted to manage Pasture  Government control; insider community  Community Institutions more trusted WaterGovernment (Awash River)  Community – Traditional Wells  Government Developed Structures Private – birkads Government/User Committees for developed structures ManpowerMen MarketsTraders, Government, “Insider Community”’, more restricted for women FinanceMen – except when women part of livestock-based cooperative/VSLA

Observations  People started practicing selling livestock and saving  There are many areas with limited market facilities  Pasture is more scarce resource than water in many areas  People are already reducing their herd size  Farming is increasing in almost all areas  Mobility is becoming difficult in many areas due to haphazard farming expansion and private enclosures  There is a tendency of shift from pastoral to agro-pastoral livelihood system in some areas