ECE 497 Capstone Design Will Barrett Asato Tashiro Adam Anderson

Purpose of the System The purpose is to create a scanning system to determine the location and size of metal fragments in a medium density fiber panel.

Background Information The Weapons Integration & Development Directorate of the US Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, & Engineering Center performs a variety of munitions and warhead test programs – Known as the “AMRDEC” – Patrick Taylor is our sponsor They use bundles of fiber panels to capture shrapnel from the explosions Each bundle is then searched BY HAND to recover fragments, tabulate the X/Y position, and mass for each panel – The panel location is used to determine the depth of the fragment

Background Information (cont’d) The process can take up to 100 man hours PER PANEL Each bundle could require up to 96 panels, or 9600 man- hours per bundle Removal is done outside on the test range – Personnel have to be in protective clothing – Fragments are bagged by weight – Fragments have to be cleaned and decontaminated for safe handling Fragments are typically steel, but some tests use titanium or aluminum Data derived from the analysis is tabulated in a spreadsheet format, with the fragment designation, count, bundle and panel number, X/Y location, and size/weight

Fragment Set Weight Distribution STEEL WARHEAD FRAGMENT SET FOR FRAG BUNDLE SCANNER TESTING

Typical Fragment Morphology

Project Objective Automate analysis procedures to the maximum degree feasible – Analysis of X/Y location goal is 15 minutes/panel Portability – system can be setup by 1 person Battery operated equipment is desirable

Measurement Parameters X/Y resolution of.5” Minimum fragment detection of.25g

Approach Demonstrate a proof-of-concept capability that can be scaled up at a later time Use commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment to produce a gray-scale image of the fragments contained in a panel Process image to identify the centroid of each fragment and X/Y location – Output.csv file with the fragment location data

COTS Imaging Systems Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Industrial Radiography

What is Ground Penetrating Radar? GPR is a non-destructive imaging method that uses radar pulses to image the subsurface The radar pulses used are in the microwave band of the radio spectrum

How does GPR work? GPR is similar to a metal detector The GPR system sends out thousands of RF frequency pulses into the ground The frequencies that are reflected back return to the antennae Frequency analysis of the reflected RF energy allows correlation of different material compositions in the subsurface

GPR Schematic

Typical Applications Pipe Locating Archeology IED Locating (Improvised Explosive Devices) Quality control of reinforced concrete

Ground Penetrating Radar

GPR Scans

Benefits of GPR Usable in the field – Man-Portable – Battery operated Integrated imaging process Cost beneficial – Low start-up – Easy operation – Low maintenance

What is Industrial Radiography Industrial Radiography is also a non-destructive detection method which utilizes X-rays and gamma rays to view material s

How Industrial Radiography Works Similar to medical radiography, Industrial radiography uses an X-ray source to bombard a sample with high- energy radiation onto a film or a digital detector This creates a 2D image of the different materials in the sample.

Radiography Schematic

Radiography Components Source

Typical Applications Security Medical Imaging Non-Destructive Testing – Castings – Welds

Medical X-Ray Radiography X-Ray Source Imaging Surface

Industrial Radiography

Benefits of Industrial Radiography Extremely accurate Detects and categorizes different metals Years of precedents have been set

Simulated Fragment Panel Analysis We scanned a random sample of shrapnel pieces Used Photoshop to render a black and white image Used program Pixcavator 6.0 to analyze.tif file for information on size, X/Y location, thickness, length, etc. Information is exported to an excel spreadsheet for analysis

Simulated Fragment Panel

Simulated Fragment Panel Black and White

Simulated Panel with Border Detection

Image Analysis Data Pixcavator 6.0 OUTPUT IDTypeLocation XLocation YSizePerim.Round.GrayContrastThick.LengthID 1D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Dark objects:61 Light objects0

Program Plan Contact vendors – Image dummy panels using radiography and GPR – Utilize 2D images for image processing study Image Processing Approach – 2D grayscale image can be processed using MATLAB to determine the centroid and area of each fragment – Tabulate fragments by area and X/Y location

Current Status Dummy panels have been fabricated They will be shipped/delivered to USRadar, Hayes, ATS, and University Hospital this week Start analysis of our simulated fragment panel this week

Questions?