DNA Manipulation 2. DNA The nucleus contains DNA.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Points to Ponder What are three functions of DNA?

Advertisements

Genetic Engineering define the term recombinant DNA;

Recombinant DNA technology

Lecture 8 Genetic Engineering. Medically important substances produced by genetic engineering Human Insulin- used to treat diabetes Past: extracted insulin.

Transgenic species. Transgenic series and how are they produced Transgenic species are organisms which have had genetic material from a different species.

Bacterial Transformation

Molecular Techniques in Cell & Molecular Biology BSI 420Lecture 6Sept. 19, 2002 “Insanity is Hereditary, You get it from your children” -Sam Levinson.

Microbial Genetics A. Structure of DNA 1. discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in stores genetic information for the production of proteins.

DNA Technology. Biotechnology The use or alteration of cells or biological molecules for specific applications Transgenics Transgenic “changed genes”

Genetic Technologies By: Brenda, Dale, John, and Brady.

Recombinant DNA Technology

Cloning a DNA segment from lambda bacteriophage Recombinant DNA technology Allows study of the structure & function of a single protein coding gene in.

 DNA – Double Helix Structure  Each spiral strand is composed of a sugar phosphate backbone and attached bases  4 Bases: Adenine (A), Guanine(G), Cytosine.

Biotechnology Packet #26 Chapter #9. Introduction Since the 1970’s, humans have been attempted to manipulate and modify genes in a way that was somewhat.

Genetics and Genetic Engineering terms clones b organisms or cells of nearly identical genetic makeup derived from a single source.

Do Now 3/20 OBJECTIVES: Define plasmid and restriction enzyme. Identify where a restriction enzyme will cut a DNA sequence. Explain how REs and plasmids.

Warm Up Create a Vocabulary 4 Square As we identify the terms in our lesson: 1.Define the term 2. Give an example 3. Draw a picture to help you remember.

{ Genetic Engineering Application of molecular genetics (understanding of DNA) for practical purposes.

Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology Gene cloning in bacterial plasmids Plasmid – extrachromosomal piece of DNA not necessary for survival can be transferred.

1 Genetics Faculty of Agriculture Instructor: Dr. Jihad Abdallah Topic 13:Recombinant DNA Technology.

Genetic Engineering. Genetic Engineering: Genetic Engineering: process of altering biological systems by the purposeful manipulation of DNA Applications:

Molecular Basis for Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype DNA RNA protein genotype function organism phenotype DNA sequence amino acid sequence transcription.

Biotechnology Packet #12 Chapter #9. Introduction Since the 1970’s, humans have been attempted to manipulate and modify genes in a way that was somewhat.

AP Biology Biotechnology Part 3. Bacterial Cloning Process Bacterium Bacterial chromosome Plasmid Gene inserted into plasmid Cell containing gene of interest.

Genetic Technologies Manipulating & Cloning DNA.

NDSU Extension Biotechnology: Principles and Products From Protein to Product Phil McClean Department of Plant Science North Dakota State University The.

Lecture13 Herbicide resistant plants. The Roundup Ready Story Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide Active ingredient in Roundup herbicide Kills.

Genetic Engineering. What is genetic engineering? Definition: process of changing an organism’s genetic material to produce a new and useful result This.

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) Any microorganism, plant or animal that has purposely had its genome altered using genetic engineering technology.

Human awareness.  M16.1 Know that the DNA can be extracted from cells  Genetic engineering and /or genetic modification have been made possible by isolating.

Chapter 9 Genetic Engineering. Genetic engineering: moving a gene from one organism to another – Making insulin and other hormones – Improving food –

Biotechnology Techniques

Biotechnology Practice Test. Question #1 An organism’s chromosomes are part of its a) plasmid b) recombinant DNA c) genome d) enzymes.

PHARMACOBIOTECHNOLOGY.  Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is constructed outside the living cell using enzymes called “restriction enzymes” to cut DNA at specific.

CHP: 13 BIOTECHNOLOGY. GENETIC ENGINEERING  The procedure for cleaving DNA from an organism into smaller fragments & inserting the fragments into another.

Introduction to Biotechnology Chapter 13. What is biotechnology? “ Any technique that uses living organisms or their products to make or modify a product,

Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is also referred to as recombinant DNA technology – new combinations of genetic material are produced by artificially.

Methods for DNA Transfer. Transferring Genes Vectors are used to move genes around Plasmids, Bacteriophage, Cosmids, YACs, BACs, Viruses are used E. coli.

Plasmids and Vectors Aims:

8.1 - Manipulating & Cloning DNA

Trends in Biotechnology

Chapter 20: Part 1 DNA Cloning and Plasmids

Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype

Genetic Engineering Chapter 13 Test on Friday 03/13/09 Reviewing Content Due 03/12/ and #28.

Bacterial Transformation

Recombinant DNA & gene cloning Biology Donald Winslow 5 October 2010.

Restriction enzymes Are found in bacteria and are used to cut up DNA from a virus that might enter and take over the bacteria. They cut at specific sequences.

Viral and Bacterial Genomes & DNA Technology. Viruses Tiny; much smaller than a bacteria Basic structure: – Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein.

DNA Isolation. Nucleic Acid Structure & Function DNA & RNA are composed of Nucleotides A nucleotide consists of three covalently-linked parts: –A nitrogen.

Principles of genetic engineering. OBJECTIVE To describe the main stages in genetic engineering.

GENE TECHNOLOGY Objectives: To describe how sections of DNA containing a desired gene can be extracted from a donor organism using enzymes. To explain.

Recombinant DNA Technology

4/26/2010 BIOTECHNOLOGY.

Genetic Technology.

Biotechnology Practice Test

Bacterial Transformation

Introduction to Biotechnology

Genetic Research and Biotechnology Recombinant technology

Genetic Engineering Chapter 11 Section 1.

Generation of Transgenic Plants

DNA Technology Packet #27.

Genetic Research and Biotechnology Recombinant technology

Biotechnology: Part 1 DNA Cloning, Restriction Enzymes and Plasmids

Manipulating DNA Biologists have tools to cut, separate, read and splice together DNA sequences.

به نام پروردگار.

Directly manipulating an organism’s genome using biotechnology

Recombinant DNA technology – combining genes from different sources into a single molecule. The result is a transgenic organism Bacteria, like E coli,

CHAPTER 20 DNA TECHNOLOGY.

Transgenic Organisms Ms. Cuthrell.

Cloning a DNA segment from lambda bacteriophage

Presentation transcript:

DNA Manipulation 2

DNA The nucleus contains DNA

Restriction Digestion Restriction enzymes are proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences. Have optimal condition of pH, temperature, ionic strength etc... (enzymes) Scan DNA until they find the sequence. cD2g

DNA Hybridisation DNA denaturation: Two DNA strands can be separated by heat without breaking phosphodiester bonds DNA renaturation = hybridization: Two single strands that are complementary or nearly complementary in sequence can come together to form a different double helix Single strands of DNA can also hybridize complementary sequences of RNA

DNA Hybridisation

Gene Cloning Inserting new DNA into another piece of DNA. Most commonly used with bacterial plasmids which are easily manipulated. Usually used antibiotic resistance genes to select for cloned DNA. Recombination: gI&feature=relmfu

Example of a cloning vector What is a vector? A piece of DNA that can be replicated (usually a plasmid) that cloned DNA can be inserted into.

Cloning steps

Gene Delivery Gene delivery depends on the organism... – Bacteria: Plasmids, electroporation, conjugation or bacteria phage. – Yeast: Yeast artificial chromosomes – Plants: Agrobacterium or gene gun – Animal: Electroporation, gene gun, transfection reagents (lipid balls) or viral vectors.

Delivering genes to Plants

The RoundUp Ready Story Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide Active ingredient in RoundUp herbicide Kills all plants it come in contact with Inhibits a key enzyme (EPSP synthase) in an amino acid pathway Plants die because they lack the key amino acids A resistant EPSP synthase gene allows crops to survive spraying

+ Glyphosate X RoundUp Sensitive Plants X X Shikimic acid + Phosphoenol pyruvate 3-Enolpyruvyl shikimic acid-5-phosphate (EPSP) Plant EPSP synthase Aromatic amino acids Without amino acids, plant dies X

Bacterial EPSP synthase Shikimic acid + Phosphoenol pyruvate 3-enolpyruvyl shikimic acid-5-phosphate (EPSP) Aromatic amino acids RoundUp Resistant Plants + Glyphosate With amino acids, plant lives RoundUp has no effect; enzyme is resistant to herbicide

Delivering genes to Animals Lentivirus Adenovirus Gene Gun Liposomes (Lipids)

Transgenic animals

Cloned Genes to make therapies Human insulin produced in bacteria....