Living(BIOTIC) - organisms must have all 7 characteristics of life(living and dead). Nonliving(ABIOTIC) - things do not have all 7 characteristics. Dead – organism once had the 7 characteristics of life but now doesn’t. It is Considered to be LIVING!!!!

How would you know if this is living?

Yeast The tiny, rounded, colorless one-celled fungus called yeast floats through the air everywhere, but it is responsible for making all our cakes and breads rise to a nice, fluffy texture. This happens because yeast creates chemical reactions on the starch and sugar in the cake or bread batter. Here’s how it works. Yeast cells reproduce very rapidly no matter where they are. This reproduction goes on through a process called budding. In budding, each tiny cell swells, and soon the swollen part separates from the main cell. The new tiny cell then goes on to grow to full size on its own and the budding process continues to repeat itself.

During this growth process, the yeast cells produce substances called enzymes. So when the yeast is added to cake or bread dough, one enzyme goes to work on the flour, changing the starch in it into sugar. Another enzyme then takes over and changes the sugar into alcohol and a gas called carbon dioxide. This gas spreads through the dough in the form of bubbles. As the dough bakes into bread and cake, the heat causes the alcohol to evaporate and the bubbles to break. This leaves the tiny air pockets in the final bread or cake, making it light and fluffy.

Yeast and Fungus kingdom Not Plants – produce enzymes that digest their food outside their bodies. Some are parasites/ Cell walls – contain chitin Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotic with cells walls that contains chitin.

Fungi Structure 2 basic structures 1.Yeast – singled celled 2.Mushroom – multi - celled that grow much larger with hyphae

Reproduction of Fungus Fungus can reproduce sexual and asexual Spores(asexual) – Spores are just reproductive cells. Sexual – Sperm and egg combine to form a zygote.

Roles in Ecosystem 1.Decomposer – break down plant material. 2.Parasite – Infect plants and animals(ringworm). 3.Animal disease 4.Lichens – Mutualistic relationship between a photsynthetic organism and a fungus. Plant makes the energy and fungus breaks down the nutrients in the environment and they share.

HYDRA!!

Daphnia – Hydra Food

ABIOTIC FACTORS Water Rocks Air Disease Fire Natural Disasters

BIOTIC FACTORS TREES GRASS PREDATORS HUMANS

Cells, reproduction, adaptations, DNA, responds to a stimulus, grow and development, and energy Bacteria ReproductionVideoacteria Reproduction Characteristics of Life!!!!!!

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF CELLS or ORGANIZED CELLS Unicellular organisms makeup most of all organisms on Earths. They have everything they need to be self-sufficient. UNICELLULAR(single) MULITCELLULAR Many cells

Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic – Nucleus all other kingdoms!!!! Prokaryotic – No nucleus – all bacteria

Prokaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic Cell

Unicellular – one celled

Multi-cellular

In multi-cellular organisms, the cells specialize to perform specific functions(bone cells, skin cells, muscle cells, root cells, leaf cells). Smooth muscle Nerve cellLeaf cell Red Blood Cell Yeast cell

ALL LIVING THINGS MAKE AND USE ENERGY The SUN is the main source of energy!!! The Sun makes light that is used by plants!!!!!! What is the name of this process?

Plants(producers) trap the energy of the Sun and make glucose(sugar) in the process called photosynthesis). Consumers(animals) get their energy from the plants!!!!

Autotrophs(producers) – use the Sun’s energy to make glucose!! Produce their own food!

Photosynthesis – process where plants convert Sun’s energy and carbon dioxide into glucose

Heterotrophs(consumers) – must consumer food for energy!

ALL LIVING THINGS RESPOND TO A STIMULI Living things respond to immediate and long-term changes in their environment(shiver when cold, change fur color, bend toward light).

Stimulus – something in organism’s environment that causes a response

Homeostasis Constant internal and external physical and chemical conditions that organisms must maintain. Everything is happy!! Goldilocks – Just Right!!!

ALL LIVING THINGS REPRODUCE Reproduction must occur for a species to survive. Reproduction can be either sexual or asexual.

Asexual Reproduction – NO joining of sperm and egg!!!!

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION 1. Budding – Hydra and Sponge 2. Fragmentation - Starfish 3.Binary Fission – unicellular organisms 4.Vegatative Propagation- runners on strawberry plants. 5. Spores – mushrooms(reproductive cells) 5 Types of Reproduction

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Sexual reproduction – combination of sperm and egg

ALL LIVING THINGS GROW AND DEVELOP To grow means to get bigger and to get bigger; more cells must be added. To increase numbers of cells, cell division must occur. Develop means to change into an adult(mature).

Growth – Organism get larger by adding cells and cellular material

Development - mature

ALL LIVING THINGS CHANGE TO FIT THEIR ENVIRONMENT(ADAPT) Organisms must adapt to their changing environment or become extinct. Adaptations occur over a very long period of time(millions of years).

Adaptation – Inherited trait that is passed from parent to offspring that helps an organism survive in its environment

Name some the adaptations of these organisms.

ALL LIVING THINGS HAVE DNA. DNA provides instructions for making molecules called proteins. Proteins build cells. DNA carries the genetic material from parent to offspring(heredity).

DNA – molecule that stores genetic information

LET”S PRACTICE!!! Which characteristics of life is being described? Reproduction CellsAdaptation Responses Energy Grow and develop