 European architecture hum th, 15 th and 16 th centuries Instructor: Ericka Ghersi

Events  1415: Henry the Navigator leads the conquest of Ceuta from the Moors marking the beginning of the Portuguese Empire. 1415Henry the Navigatorconquest of Ceuta MoorsPortuguese Empire  1429: Joan of Arc ends the Siege of Orléans and turns the tide of the Hundred Years' War. 1429Joan of ArcSiege of OrléansHundred Years' War  1438: Pachacuti found the Inca Empire. 1438PachacutiInca Empire

Events  1440–1469: Under Moctezuma I, the Aztecs become the dominant power in Mesoamerica Moctezuma IAztecsMesoamerica  1450s: Machu Picchu constructed. 1450sMachu Picchu  1453: The Battle of Castillon is the last engagement of the Hundred Years' War and the first battle in European history where cannons were a major factor in deciding the battle. 1453Battle of CastillonHundred Years' War

Events  1469: The marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile leads to the unification of Spain. 1469Ferdinand II of AragonIsabella I of CastileSpain  1481: Spanish Inquisition begins in practice with the first auto-da-fé. 1481Spanish Inquisitionauto-da-fé

Events  1492: Boabdil's surrender of Granada marks the end of the Spanish Reconquista and Al-Andalus. 1492BoabdilGranadaReconquistaAl-Andalus  1492: Jews expelled from Spain. 1492JewsSpain  1494: Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas. 1494Treaty of Tordesillas

Architecture FRENCH ARCHITECTURE (14 th, 15 th, and 16 th centuries)

Best expression of 14 th century: NOTRE DAME DE PARIS ( ) Medieval architecture

Best expression of 16th century: CHARTRES CATHEDRAL ( CE) Medieval architecture

Architecture ITALIAN ARCHITECTURE (14 th, 15 th, and 16 th centuries)

Best expression of 11 th and 12 th centuries Piazza del Duomo

Piazza del Duomo. Leaning Tower of Pisa. Tower of Pisa (1173) Construction started the year years of construction. Medieval architecture.

Best expression of 16 th and 17 th centuries The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter ( CE) Renaissance and Mannerist architecture

Islamic conquest of the Christians ( CE)  Muslim Arabs conquered and occupied the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years.  Moors called the territory Al Andalus (what is now Spain and Portugal)  Middle ages. Crusades.  Reconquest starts with the formation of the kingdom of Asturias by the Visigoths.  By 1249, the reconquest of Portugal was complete by the crusaders.

Map of the Muslim Conquest of Hispania 711 CE

Historic facts : Emir Muhammad XII surrendered the Emirate of Granada to Queen Isabella I of Castile. 1492: Emir Muhammad XII 2. Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon were the Catholic Monarchs.Ferdinand II of AragonCatholic Monarchs 3. The cultural and social contributions under Muslim rule still persist in Al-Andalus.

Ottonian architecture (10 th century) Saint Michael, Germany

Santa Maria del Naranco (848 CE) Visigothic architecture Belongs to the Kingdom of Asturias (North)

The Great Mosque of Cordova (784 CE)

Alhambra, Granada (1237 CE)

The Spanish Square (Seville, Andalusia)

Alcazar of Seville (inner courtyard)

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Questions 1. When Machu Picchu was built? In 1450 (15 th century).

Questions 1. What civilization became powerful in Mesoamerica between (15 th century)? The Aztecs.

Questions 1. What did Pachacuti achieve in 1438? 2. What civilization became powerful in Mesoamerica between 1440 and 1469? 3. When Machu Picchu was built?

Questions 1. What are the names of the Spanish monarchs that unified Spain? 2. What is Spanish Inquisition? 3. When Jews are expelled from Spain?

Architecture 1. In what century Notre Dame of Paris was built?  14 th century ( CE). 2. In what century the Tower of Pisa was built?  11 th and 12 th centuries ( ) 177 years. 3. Is there any influence in Renaissance from Muslim art?  Yes, it is. There was not empty space when decorated walls or arches (Baroque).

Architecture 1. How is the Mudejar style?  Symbiosis of techniques. Use of brick and tile. Geometrical patterns. 2. In what century the Great Mosque of Cordova was built?  8 th century. 3. When is the end of the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula?  Jan. 2 nd, 1492 (15 th century).

Architecture 1. How is the architecture in Spain before the Muslim Arabs?  How is the architecture in Spain through the 9 th and 15 th centuries?  In what century the Great Mosque of Cordova was built?

Architecture 1. In what century the Alhambra was built? 13 th century.