No End in Sight: The Runaway Expansion of the Universe and the Fate of the Cosmos By Geoff Handsfield and Orville Day Dept. of Physics, East Carolina University.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

E4 Cosmology. Newton’s Universe Infinite (in space and time) Static.

Advertisements

Olber’s paradox Why isn't the night sky as uniformly bright as the surface of the Sun? If the Universe has infinitely many stars, then it should be uniformly.

Bell Questions 11/11/10 Where are elements that are heavier than hydrogen and helium made? What do we learn from the fact that most of the galaxies are.

When Galaxies Collide. It is not uncommon for galaxies to gravitationally interact with each other, and even collide!

Most evidence today indicates that the age of the Universe is

Chapter 28 Cosmology The Creation and Fate of the Universe.

The Fate of the Universe. The cosmological principle The simplest universes is: Homogenous – the same everywhere you go Isotropic – the same in all directions.

Dark Energy. Conclusions from Hubble’s Law The universe is expanding Space itself is expanding Galaxies are held together by gravity on “small” distance.

Newton’s Hypothesis The universe is infinite, static and uniform. Proven to be incorrect by Olber’s Paradox. Olber theorised that if this was correct then.

Galaxies Collection of stars…millions and billions of stars Distances measured in light years – Distance light travels in 1 year –9.5 x m (6 trillion.

The Expanding Universe Except for a few nearby galaxies (like Andromeda), all the galaxies are seen to be moving away from us Generally, the recession.

Cosmology Astronomy 315 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 22 "In the beginning the Universe was created. This has made a lot of people very angry and been.

Cosmology Astronomy 315 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 22 "In the beginning the Universe was created. This has made a lot of people very angry and been.

Cosmology Astronomy 315 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 24.

Types of Galaxies Elliptical: Spiral: Irregular:.

Chapters 17,18: Cosmology and Life in the Universe Nearly every speck of light in the image is a galaxy.

Galaxies What is a galaxy? How many stars are there in an average galaxy? About how many galaxies are there in the universe? What is the name of our galaxy?

The Big Bang, Galaxies, & Stars

Cosmology. Some important questions Did the universe have a beginning or has it always existed? Will the universe end? If it ends, what will happen at.

The Evolution of the Universe Nicola Loaring. The Big Bang According to scientists the Universe began ~15 billion years ago in a hot Big Bang. At creation.

Please press “1” to test your transmitter.

Cosmology: The Study of the Universe as a Whole Physics 360 Geol 360 Astronomy John Swez.

Star Properties. Where do stars come from? Stars form in a cloud of dust and gas in space called a nebula.

Chapter 22 Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Universe

Dark Matter, Dark Energy, How Come Some People Think We Need It and Others Don’t and the Fate of the Universe.

Announcements The final exam will be at Noon on Monday, December 13 in Van Allen Hall LR1. The final exam will be cumulative. The final will be 40 questions,

Standard Cosmology.

Classifying galaxies Big Bang Active galaxies Our Local Group Random $ 200 $ 200$200 $ 200 $400 $ 400$400 $ 400 $600 $ 600$600 $ 600 $ 600 $800 $

Cosmology The Origin and Future of the Universe Part I Olbers’ Paradox.

COSMOLOGY SL - summary. STRUCTURES Structure  Solar system  Galaxy  Local group  Cluster  Super-cluster Cosmological principle  Homogeneity – no.

Astrophysics Cosmology - the study of the nature of the universe.

Cosmology Olber’s Paradox Big Bang Development of the Universe.

Introduction to Cosmology. Types of Universes If you were to make a universe, would you give it a finite size, or make it infinite? In a finite universe,

Astronomy Quiz #2 Jeopardy Review Game. GravityLife Cycle of Stars GalaxiesChallenge!The Big Bang and the Universe

IB Physics Power Points

The Tully-Fisher Relation A relation between the rotation speed of a spiral galaxy and its luminosity The more mass a galaxy has  the brighter it is 

Chapter 12 Space Exploration. Section 12.1 page 428 Explaining the Early Universe GALAXY – collection of stars, planets, gas and dust held together by.

THEORIES OF UNIVERSE FORMATION. Studying Space Cosmology – the study of the origin, structure, and future of the universe Astronomers study planets, stars,

HUBBLE’S LAW Edwin Hubble Hubble’s Law “the farther away a galaxy is from its observer, the faster it appears to be moving away from the observer”

Chapter 12 Space Exploration. Section 12.1 page 428 Explaining the Early Universe GALAXY – collection of stars, planets, gas and dust held together by.

The Universe. Galaxies are believed to have formed from mergers of smaller galaxies and star clusters. Galaxy Formation and Evolution.

“OUR GALAXY” Definition of a Galaxy: a huge group of individual stars, star clusters, dust, and gas bound together by gravity.

Galaxies and the Universe Ch 25 Section 3. What are the objects in the sky? GALAXIES! Groups of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

25-4: Galaxies Use the following PowerPoint to take notes on the final section of the chapter. Upon completion work with your partner to answer the Self.

The Big Bang Theory Earth and Space Ms. Lizette Gutierrez Austin High School.

Chapter 12 Space Exploration. Section 12.1 page 428 Explaining the Early Universe GALAXY – collection of stars, planets, gas and dust held together by.

Cosmology (Chapter 14) NASA. Student Learning Objectives Describe the Big Bang theory Analyze possible fates of our universe.

The Expanding Universe

Announcements Final exam is Monday, May 9, at 7:30 am. –Students with last names A-K go to 225 CB. –Students with last names L-Z go to 300 CB. –All students.

Universe Tenth Edition Chapter 25 Cosmology: The Origin and Evolution of the Universe Roger Freedman Robert Geller William Kaufmann III.

The Shape and Fate of the Universe Assumptions in cosmology Olber’s paradox Expansion of the Universe Curvature of the Universe Fate of the Universe.

The Mass of the Galaxy Can be determined using Kepler’s 3 rd Law –Solar System: the orbital velocities of planets determined by mass of Sun –Galaxy: orbital.

The Fate of the Universe. The fate depends on the rate of expansion and the density Density greater than critical value – gravity will halt expansion.

Unit 2 - Cosmology Part 1: Stars Part 2: Galaxies Part 3: Origin and Evolution of the Universe.

Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Section 4 Section 4: The Big Bang Theory Preview Key Ideas Hubble’s Observations A Theory Emerges Big Bang Theory Universal.

The Origin of the Universe Chapter 20.3 Notes. What is the Universe? The universe consists of all space, matter, and energy that exists—now, in the past,

Milky Way Galaxy. Galaxy A group of stars, dust and gases held together by gravity. 170 billion galaxies in the universe 200 billion stars in a galaxy.

Unit 2 - Cosmology Part 1: Stars Part 2: Galaxies Part 3: Origin and Evolution of the Universe.

Option D. 3. Universe was born around 13.8 billion years ago in process called Big Bang In the beginning, all matter & energy in the entire universe was.

Stellar Evolution Continued…. White Dwarfs Most of the fuel for fusion is used up Giant collapses because core can’t support weight of outer layers any.

The Origin of the Universe

THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE

Types of Galaxies Elliptical: Spiral: Irregular:.

There are millions of stars in our galaxy, the Milky Way

Galaxies and the Universe

Lectures on galaxies and cosmology

The Last Epoch.

Theories of Universe Formation

Galaxies and the Universe

Presentation transcript:

No End in Sight: The Runaway Expansion of the Universe and the Fate of the Cosmos By Geoff Handsfield and Orville Day Dept. of Physics, East Carolina University 1 April 2008

Olber's Paradox, “The Dark Night Riddle” Why is the sky dark at night? Consider the following: Light radiation never terminates-- only spreads out Trillions of stars in observable Universe. 400 billion stars in Milky Way Galaxy. All light eventually reaches Earth.

Inside the Big Dipper

Types of Galaxies Spiral Disks Elliptical Irregular

Einstein & Relativity, Hubble & Expansion Space-time is fabric, not void. Mass creates dimples in fabric. Galaxies expanding away. Simplest explanation: space-time stretching.

Big Bang

Big Crunch? Prevalent for 30 years in astronomy Idea that Universe will collapse back to Big Bang Relies on assumption that mass/gravitation will eventually overpower Universal expansion. Proven false in 1998.

The Supernova Cosmology Project Dr. Saul Perlmutter at UC, Berkeley Measured Red Shifts of Type Ia Supernovae (White dwarfs in binary system absorb matter until reach Chandrasekhar Limit)

Hypothesis 3 Scenarios Expansion slowing, result in Big Crunch Expansion slowing, result in equilibrium Expansion speeding up, accelerating Univ.

Results Expansion increases in time. Expansion increases in time. Fate of the Universe-- cold death. Fate of the Universe-- cold death. Confirmed by independent research conducted by rival team, High-Z Supernova Search Team. Confirmed by independent research conducted by rival team, High-Z Supernova Search Team. Big Crunch unlikely. Big Crunch unlikely.

Cause of the Expansion- Dark Energy Energy counterpart to dark matter. Source of dark energy unknown. Opposite force to gravitation. Exhibits properties of negative pressure. As Universe expands, more dark energy seeps into all space, providing more anti-gravity.

Fate of the Universe Observable Universe increases in time. Objects in observable Universe decreasing. Fewer interactions with celestial bodies. Ultimate destruction by black holes at center of galaxies. Black holes ultimately evaporate by Hawking radiation. Universe a lonely place-- average density drops toward zero. Only stray particles remain.

Olber's Revisited Finite Age of Universe Finite Speed of Light Accelerated Expansion of Universe Stretching of Space-Time

Sources Bennett, Donohue, Schneider, Voit. The Cosmic Perspective. Goldsmith. The Runaway Universe. Harrison. Cosmology. RSoph_full.jpg RSoph_full.jpg news.uchicago.edu/releases/03/darkmatter0903.jpg news.uchicago.edu/releases/03/darkmatter0903.jpg es/CRUNCH.jpg es/CRUNCH.jpg metry/covercrop.jpg metry/covercrop.jpg /BlackHole.jpg /BlackHole.jpg