AP Biology 8/29/11Topic: Lec 1: Biology Themes HW: Finish lab-Final Touches and Reading Guide 1- Chapter 1 Please pass up Syllabus signatures and Donation money. Bellwork: Describe why this lab report would not be acceptable. Be very detail (don’t copy this down) Procedure: 1.Get shoe box 2.Release roly poly 3.Count roly polies 4.Record data Conclusion: Roly Polies prefer grass. They moved randomly, and sources error could be I accidently killed them.

AP Biology Chapter 1 Themes in the Study of Life

AP Biology Major Themes  Biology  Scientific study of life  Properties of Life  Order  Evolutionary Adaptation  Response to environment  Reproduction  Growth & Development  E processing  Regulation

AP Biology Topic Outline & Percentages of Course  I. Molecules and Cells (25%)  A. Chemistry of Life (7%)  Water  Organic molecules in organisms  Free energy changes  Enzymes  B. Cells (10%)  Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells  Membranes  Subcellular organization  Cell cycle and its regulation  C. Cellular Energetics (8%)  Coupled reactions  Fermentation and cellular respiration  Photosynthesis

AP Biology  II. Heredity and Evolution (25%)  A. Heredity (8%)  Meiosis and gametogenesis  Eukaryotic chromosomes  Inheritance patterns  B. Molecular Genetics (9%)  RNA and DNA structure and function  Gene regulation  Mutation  Viral structure and replication  Nucleic acid technology and applications  C. Evolutionary Biology (8%)  Early evolution of life  Evidence for evolution  Mechanisms of evolution  III. Organisms and Populations (50%)  A. Diversity of Organisms (8%)  Evolutionary patterns  Survey of the diversity of life  Phylogenetic classification  Evolutionary relationships  B. Structure and Function of Plants and Animals (32%)  Reproduction, growth, and development  Structural, physiological, and behavioral adaptations  Response to the environment  C. Ecology (10%)  Population dynamics  Communities and ecosystems  Global issues

AP Biology Themes  Science as a process of inquiry  questioning & investigation  Evolution  Energy transfer  Continuity & Change  Relationship of structure to function  Regulation  Interdependence in nature  Science, technology & society

AP Biology Science as a process of inquiry  Built on repeatable observations & testable, falsifiable hypotheses

AP Biology  Evolution  Core Theme of Biology  The process of change that has transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity of organisms living today  Is the fundamental organizing principle of biology & main theme Charles Darwin

AP Biology Natural selection  Evolutionary change is a product of the process of natural selection Organisms don’t adapt; Organisms have adaptations.

AP Biology "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution." -- Theodosius Dobzhansky March 1973 Geneticist, Columbia University ( )

AP Biology Evolution explains unity & diversity  Unity  What do organisms have in common & why do similarities exist?  common biochemistry & physiology  evolutionary relationships  connected through common ancestor  Diversity  But why are there differences?  natural selection  adaptations allow different individuals to survive in different environments

AP Biology

Organizing systems  Making sense out of the diversity  Hierarchical scheme Eastern gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis

AP Biology 3 Domains of Life Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya EukaryaBacteriaArchaea

AP Biology Energy transfer  Life is an open system  need input of energy  energy flows through  energy comes in, energy goes out  need a constant input  need input of materials  nutrients are recycled around & around ENTROPY RULES! DECOMPOSERS RULE, too! nutrients

AP Biology Energy utilization You think they’re eating… They’re harvesting energy!

AP Biology Continuity & change  Continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA  DNA – the genetic material – carries biological information from one generation to the next You can make more, a lot like you! TRAITTRAIT

AP Biology Form follows function  The alignment of structure & function is seen at all levels of biology organism cell organelle organ

AP Biology Regulation  Organisms need to maintain a “steady state” in the face of changing conditions  maintain homeostasis  achieve this through feedback  monitor the body like a thermostat  turn on when it’s needed, off when its not

AP Biology Interdependence  No organism is an island standing alone  communities, ecosystems

AP Biology Science, technology & society  Science & technology must function within the rules of society  ethics

AP Biology Themes  Science as a process of inquiry  questioning & investigation  Evolution  Energy transfer  Continuity & Change  Relationship of structure to function  Regulation  Interdependence in nature  Science, technology & society

AP Biology Why study themes of Biology?  Biology is an ever expanding body of knowledge  too much to memorize it all  need to generalize  create a framework upon which to organize new knowledge  themes are the key to understanding the nature of living organisms