STEPS TO SUMMARIZING

1. IDENTIFY THE MAIN TOPICS IN THE TEXT (E.G. PP : EXAMPLES OF PRODUCT PLACEMENT, PROBLEMS ADVERTISERS HAVE, ETC.) 1. TRY TO WORK WITH HEADINGS FIRST OFTEN MAIN TOPICS ARE IDENTIFIED BY HEADINGS THROUGHOUT A TEXT. IF THE HEADINGS AREN’T CLEAR, REWRITE THEM TO BE CLEAR TO YOU (E.G. PP ) 2.IF YOU CAN’T WORK WITH HEADINGS IF THERE ARE NO HEADINGS, OR THEY DON’T SHOW THE MAIN TOPICS IN THE TEXT, CHOOSE THE MAIN TOPICS YOURSELF. LOOK EVERY 2-3 PARAGRAPHS TO SEE IF A NEW TOPIC HAS STARTED. USUALLY THERE ARE 3-4 MAIN TOPICS IN A 2-PG ARTICLE.

2. WRITE A ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY (= MAIN IDEA) OF THE WHOLE TEXT E.G. PP : THIS ARTICLE DEMONSTRATES HOW MOVIES, TV SHOWS, AND OTHER FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT ARE MEDIUMS FOR MARKETING AND ADVERTISING THROUGH PRODUCT PLACEMENT.

3. WRITE A MAIN IDEA SENTENCE FOR EACH MAIN TOPIC E.G. TOPIC: EXAMPLES OF PRODUCT PLACEMENT  MAIN IDEA SENTENCE: PRODUCT PLACEMENT CAN HAPPEN IN A VARIETY OF WAYS, FROM CHARACTERS WEARING CLOTHES WITH A SPONSOR’S LOGO, TO THE MORE SUBTLE INCLUSION OF PRODUCTS IN THE BACKGROUND.

3. WRITE A MAIN IDEA SENTENCE FOR EACH MAIN TOPIC FOR EACH MAIN TOPIC, ADD ONE SIGNIFICANT REASON OR EXAMPLE FROM THE TEXT THAT EXPLAINS WHY IT IS IMPORTANT. SEE EXAMPLE FROM PREVIOUS SLIDE. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE? 1. PRODUCT PLACEMENT CAN HAPPEN IN A VARIETY OF WAYS, FROM CHARACTERS WEARING CLOTHES WITH A SPONSOR’S LOGO, TO THE MORE SUBTLE INCLUSION OF PRODUCTS IN THE BACKGROUND. OR 2. PRODUCT PLACEMENT CAN HAPPEN IN A VARIETY OF WAYS.

3. WRITE A MAIN IDEA SENTENCE FOR EACH MAIN TOPIC ANOTHER EXAMPLE. WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE? TOPIC: PROBLEMS ADVERTISERS HAVE  MAIN IDEA SENTENCE: PRODUCT PLACEMENT IS AN EFFECTIVE OPTION FOR ADVERTISERS, WHO STRUGGLE WITH CONSUMERS SKIPPING THEIR COMMERCIALS THROUGH DVRS AND DISTRACTION MEDIA. OR PRODUCT PLACEMENT IS AN EFFECTIVE OPTION FOR ADVERTISERS, WHO HAVE MANY PROBLEMS.

3. WRITE A MAIN IDEA SENTENCE FOR EACH MAIN TOPIC NOTE: THE GOAL OF A SUMMARY IS TO GIVE AN ACCURATE OVERALL IDEA OF A TEXT. IT IS WIDELY KNOWN THAT A SUMMARY FOCUSES ON MAIN IDEAS AND NOT DETAILS. HOWEVER, THAT DOES NOT MEAN THAT IT NEVER INCLUDES SOME IMPORTANT SUPPORTING DETAILS. IT DOES INCLUDE IMPORTANT SUPPORTING DETAILS (AS IN THE PREVIOUS 2 EXAMPLES) WHEN ARE NECESSARY TO EXPRESS THE MAIN IDEAS MOST EFFECTIVELY.

4. DRAFT YOUR SUMMARY 1.START YOUR SUMMARY WITH THE ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY YOU WROTE IN STEP 2. NOW THAT YOU HAVE WRITTEN YOUR OTHER MAIN IDEA STATEMENTS, CHECK THIS SENTENCE AGAIN. IS IT AN ACCURATE ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY OF THE WHOLE TEXT? IF SOMEONE ONLY HAD TIME TO READ THIS ONE SENTENCE, WOULD THEY UNDERSTAND WHAT THE TEXT IS ABOUT? ADJUST AS NEEDED. 2.NEXT, ADD THE MAIN IDEA SENTENCES YOU WROTE FOR EACH MAIN TOPIC. 3.YOUR DRAFT IS COMPLETE!

4. DRAFT YOUR SUMMARY: EXAMPLE THIS ARTICLE DEMONSTRATES HOW MOVIES, TV SHOWS, AND OTHER FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT ARE MEDIUMS FOR MARKETING AND ADVERTISING THROUGH PRODUCT PLACEMENT. PRODUCT PLACEMENT CAN HAPPEN IN A VARIETY OF WAYS, FROM CHARACTERS WEARING CLOTHES WITH A SPONSOR’S LOGO, TO THE MORE SUBTLE INCLUSION OF PRODUCTS IN THE BACKGROUND. PRODUCT PLACEMENT IS AN EFFECTIVE OPTION FOR ADVERTISERS, WHO STRUGGLE WITH CONSUMERS SKIPPING THEIR COMMERCIALS THROUGH DVRS AND DISTRACTION MEDIA. PRODUCT PLACEMENT IS A FRACTION OF THE PRICE OF COMMERCIALS, THEREFORE MAY BE A BETTER FINANCIAL STRATEGY THAN REGULAR ADVERTISING. IN ADDITION TO ITS LOW COST, PRODUCT PLACEMENT HAS THE ADVANTAGES OF POTENTIALLY LINKING THEIR PRODUCTS TO POSITIVE IMAGES (GOOD GUYS) AND MAKING PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH COMMERCIAL ADVERTISING LESS THREATENING. ALONGSIDE THE ADVANTAGES OF THIS TECHNIQUE, HOWEVER, PRODUCT PLACERS MUST BE CAUTIOUS NOT TO OVER-PLACE PRODUCTS IN MEDIA, AND BE PARTICULARLY CAREFUL WITH ONLINE VIDEOS, WHICH ARE EASILY CHANGED INTO JOKES.

5. REVISE YOUR SUMMARY: CHECKLIST 1.IS YOUR SUMMARY REPETITIVE? DROP ANY REPEATED POINTS AND REPHRASE WHERE NECESSARY. 2.IS YOUR SUMMARY COMPLETE? ARE THERE ANY MAJOR POINTS THAT IT IS MISSING? ADD THEM IF NECESSARY. 3.FINALLY, DOES IT GIVE SOMEONE AN ACCURATE OVERALL IDEA OF THE TEXT?

5. REVISE YOUR SUMMARY: EXAMPLE THIS ARTICLE DEMONSTRATES HOW MOVIES, TV SHOWS, AND OTHER FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT ARE MEDIUMS FOR MARKETING AND ADVERTISING THROUGH PRODUCT PLACEMENT. PRODUCT PLACEMENT CAN HAPPEN IN A VARIETY OF WAYS, FROM CHARACTERS WEARING CLOTHES WITH A SPONSOR’S LOGO, TO THE MORE SUBTLE INCLUSION OF PRODUCTS IN THE BACKGROUND. PRODUCT PLACEMENT IT IS AN EFFECTIVE OPTION FOR ADVERTISERS, WHO STRUGGLE WITH CONSUMERS SKIPPING THEIR COMMERCIALS THROUGH DVRS AND DISTRACTION MEDIA, AND. PRODUCT PLACEMENT IT IS A FRACTION OF THE PRICE OF COMMERCIALS., THEREFORE MAY BE A BETTER FINANCIAL STRATEGY THAN REGULAR ADVERTISING. IN ADDITION TO ITS LOW COST, PRODUCT PLACEMENT HAS THE ADVANTAGES OF POTENTIALLY LINKING THEIR PRODUCTS TO POSITIVE IMAGES (GOOD GUYS) AND MAKING PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH COMMERCIAL ADVERTISING LESS THREATENING. ALONGSIDE THE ADVANTAGES OF THIS TECHNIQUE, HOWEVER, PRODUCT PLACERS MUST BE CAUTIOUS NOT TO OVER-PLACE PRODUCTS IN MEDIA, AND BE PARTICULARLY CAREFUL WITH ONLINE VIDEOS, WHICH ARE EASILY CHANGED INTO JOKES.

6. YOUR FINAL SUMMARY THIS ARTICLE DEMONSTRATES HOW MOVIES, TV SHOWS, AND OTHER FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT ARE MEDIUMS FOR MARKETING AND ADVERTISING THROUGH PRODUCT PLACEMENT. PRODUCT PLACEMENT CAN HAPPEN IN A VARIETY OF WAYS, FROM CHARACTERS WEARING CLOTHES WITH A SPONSOR’S LOGO, TO THE MORE SUBTLE INCLUSION OF PRODUCTS IN THE BACKGROUND. IT IS AN EFFECTIVE OPTION FOR ADVERTISERS, WHO STRUGGLE WITH CONSUMERS SKIPPING THEIR COMMERCIALS THROUGH DVRS AND DISTRACTION MEDIA, AND IT IS A FRACTION OF THE PRICE OF COMMERCIALS. IN ADDITION TO ITS LOW COST, PRODUCT PLACEMENT HAS THE ADVANTAGES OF POTENTIALLY LINKING THEIR PRODUCTS TO POSITIVE IMAGES (GOOD GUYS). ALONGSIDE THE ADVANTAGES OF THIS TECHNIQUE, HOWEVER, PRODUCT PLACERS MUST BE CAUTIOUS NOT TO OVER-PLACE PRODUCTS IN MEDIA, AND BE PARTICULARLY CAREFUL WITH ONLINE VIDEOS, WHICH ARE EASILY CHANGED INTO JOKES.