4/29 BA BA Explain the three conferences and their importance Explain the three conferences and their importance Who were the big three Who were the big three

Peace after WWII Chapter 33 SSWH18 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the global political, economic, and social impact of World War II. c. Explain the military and diplomatic negotiations between the leaders of Great Britain (Churchill), the Soviet Union (Stalin), and the United States (Roosevelt/Truman) from Teheran to Yalta and Potsdam and the impact on the nations of Eastern Europe.

Fall of Berlin March 1945, Allies and Soviets surrounding Berlin Soviets shell Berlin for 4 days Hitler hiding in underground headquarters Next day, Hitler and Eva commit suicide Importance: May 7, 1945, Germany unconditionally surrenders

Atomic Bomb After victory in Europe, U.S. increases war with Japan U.S. slowly taking over islands of SE Asia Lots of heavy fighting with many casualties in Pacific Theater President Harry Truman informed attack on mainland Japan will cost at least 500,000 U.S. troops Truman decides to drop atomic bomb

Atomic Bomb continued August 1945: US drops 2 atomic bombs on Japan Aug. 6: atomic bomb on Hiroshima (Little Boy) Aug. 9: atomic bomb on Nagasaki (Fat Man)

Impact on Hiroshima Ground temp: 7,000 degrees Winds reach 980 mph Category 5 hurricane is 156 mph 62,000 buildings destroyed 70,000 immediately killed 140,000 killed by 1946 Video

Atomic Bomb continued 1. Japan surrenders to end WWII 2. Almost 200,000 Japanese die immediately ’s die later by exposure to radiation

Major Peace Treaties Before end of WWII, Big 3 working on peace treaties Big 3: U.S. (President Roosevelt), Britain (Winston Churchill), and USSR (Joseph Stalin) Designed to discuss re-establishment of European nations

3 Major Conferences by Big 3 1. Tehran 2. Yalta 3. Potsdam

Tehran Conference 1943: Occurs at Soviet Embassy in Tehran, Iran Designed to increase cooperation between U.S., England, and USSR during WWII Afraid USSR would not accept Allied policies on Germany For Stalin to cooperate, Allies approve: 1. USSR occupation of Yugoslavia 2. USSR gaining parts of Poland

Yalta Conference Island in Black Sea 2 Parts of Conference: 1. Divide Germany into different zones Zones controlled by Allies and USSR 2. Creation of United Nations United Nations: international organization intended to protect members against aggression Headquarters in NY

Potsdam Agreement Determining how to reconstruct Germany 3 Features: 1. Germany returns all conquered land 2. Arrest Nazi war criminals 3. Creation of Poland Stalin wants to claim lots of Nazi territory Leads to strained relationship between U.S. and USSR Start of Cold War

General Douglas MacArthur

MacArthur and Japan War and atomic bomb left Japan in ruins General MacArthur: head of U.S. troops in war on Japan 4 Parts of MacArthur’s peace plan: 1. Eliminate Japanese army Could only fight if they were attacked 2. Create democratic government Officials elected by the people 3. New Constitution Emperor had to tell people he was not divine 4. Peasants granted land Japan and U.S. become close allies

Marshall Plan (Cold War) Western Europe in ruins No food or jobs Leads to Marshall Plan Marshall Plan: U.S. food, machinery, and other materials send to rebuild Europe $12.5 billion plan Successfully rebuilt Western Europe Ensured democracy and strength of U.S.

Berlin Airlift USSR cut of all access to the U.S. controlled West Berlin attempting to starve the Berliners into joining the USSR. U.S. responded with landing supply planes every 3 min for almost a year. This gave the Berliners food, mail, clothes, and other cortical supplies. Eventually USSR backed down the and blockade was ended. Video

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization France, Italy, United Kingdom, U.S, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal. A organization to preserve democracy in Europe. An attack on one is an attack on all.

Warsaw A Response to NATO A organization to preserve communism. Led by the Soviet Union but included Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Albania.

Nuremberg Trials Trials of Nazi Germans who were charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity. 12 people sentenced to death 3 acquitted 3 Life in prison 2 20 years in prison 1 15 years in prison 1 10years I prison Video