Cancer Therapy and Imaging Cancer Therapy and Imaging Rob Edgecock STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
X-Rays In Medicine Noadswood Science, 2013.
Advertisements

Medical Imaging and Anatomy Mike Houston, Anthony Sherbondy, Ruwen Hess.
Study of radiation of radioactive substances
RADIOLOGY. NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE / COMMON CORE STANDARDS ADDRESSED! CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text;
Energy deposition and neutron background studies for a low energy proton therapy facility Roxana Rata*, Roger Barlow* * International Institute for Accelerator.
Accelerators 2006 Roger Barlow 1: Wakefields 2: The NS-FFAG.
L 35 — Modern Physics [2] X-rays How lasers work –Medical applications of lasers –Applications of high power lasers Medical imaging techniques –CAT scans.
Analysis and Control of Beam Dynamics in EMMA Kai Hock and Andy Wolski STFC PPRP Meeting, Glasgow, 24 June 2009.
EMMA: the first NS-FFAG Roger Barlow. What is an FFAG? Like a synchrotron Strong Focussing (‘Alternating Gradient’) Dipole field increases with particle.
Proton Imaging and Fighting Cancer
tomos = slice, graphein = to write
Design and test of a high-speed beam monitor for hardon therapy H. Pernegger on behalf of Erich Griesmayer Fachhochschule Wr. Neustadt/Fotec Austria (H.
Instrumentation for medical physics applications Barbara Camanzi, PPD/RAL Instrumentation for radiotherapy Imaging: 1. Fast Time Of Flight PET 2. Electron.
Medical Imaging Technology “Brainstorm” different types.
PAMELA Contact Author: CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme PAMELA: Concepts Particle Accelerator for MEdicaL Applications K.Peach(JAI,
Chemistry and Imaging. Body Chemistry In order to be an effective health care professional, an individual must have an understanding of basic chemistry.
Radiotherapy for Kidney cancer
PET/CT & PET/MRI Radiopharmacy
A (Quick) Survey of (Some) Medical Accelerators Dr. Todd Satogata Brookhaven National Laboratory SUNY Stony Brook PHY 684 – September 5, 2007  The NASA.
Medical Imaging Technology
MEDICAL IMAGING.
Chapter 3.8 Applications of the Quantum Model Laser Technology the first laser was produced microwave radiation and was developed by Charles Townes using.
FFAG Fixed Field Alternating Gradient synchrotrons, FFAGs, combine some of the main advantages of both cyclotrons and synchrotrons:  Fixed magnetic field.
Nuclear Radiation Today: lec 9.3 Lecture 9.3 Sprint nuclear missile.
Brachytherapy Medical radiation.
Unit 3 AQA GCSE Physics.
The Nucleus and Radioactivity
Chapter 31 Nuclear Energy; Effects and Uses of Radiation.
The EMMA Project Rob Edgecock STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory & Huddersfield University.
The EMMA Project Rob Edgecock STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory & Huddersfield University *BNL, CERN, CI, FNAL, JAI, LPSC Grenoble, STFC, TRIUMF.
L 36 Modern Physics [2] How lasers work Medical applications of lasers Applications of high power lasers Medical imaging techniques CAT scans MRI’s.
The ISIS strong focusing synchrotron also at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. Note that ISIS occupies the same hall as NIMROD used to and re- uses some.
Response of the sensors to different doses from tests in Israel Radiotherapy is used as a treatment in around 50% of cancer cases in the UK. Predominantly,
Using Radiation in Medicine. There are 3 main uses of radiation in medicine: Treatment Diagnosis Sterilization.
The CONFORM project Roger Barlow BASROC launch 3 rd May 2007.
The Project : CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme Roger CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010 CONFORM.
Advanced Accelerator Design/Development Proton Accelerator Research and Development at RAL Shinji Machida ASTeC/STFC/RAL 24 March 2011.
CERN Medical Applications Steve Myers Head of CERN Medical Applications Former Director of Accelerators and Technology CERN, Geneva.
L 36 — Modern Physics [2] X-rays How lasers work –Medical applications of lasers –Applications of high power lasers Medical imaging techniques –CAT scans.
DETECTING LUNG AND BREAST CANCER BY RAVEN, JENAYA, SHARIA, ISAAC AND AMAN.
JAI-Diamond Joint Seminar 07/06/20071 Development of Non-Scaling FFAG : EMMA & PAMELA Takeichiro Yokoi J. Adams Institute Oxford University.
Ragnar Hellborg Lund University PRODUCTION OF CLINICALLY USEFUL QUANTITIES OF 18 F BY AN ELECTROSTATIC TANDEM ACCELERATOR Ragnar Hellborg Lund University,
Radiology started with simple traditional x-ray technology.
Chapter 4 The Atom – Part 2.
FFAG F ixed F ield A lternating G radient Synchrotrons A new type of particle accelerator - with a wide variety of applications Cancer Therapy and UK Activities.
Medical Imaging Technologies Medical imaging produces images of organs and tissues within the body for use in diagnosis and treatment.
1 PET Scans Lesson Objectives: Describe how PET scans are used.
Chapter 8 Charges in Magnetic Fields. Introduction In the previous chapter it was observed that a current carrying wire observed a force when in a magnetic.
NEUTRINO DETECTORS Cutting-Edge Accelerator Research for a Neutrino Factory and Other Applications Ajit Kurup for the FETS and UKNF Collaborations Cutting-Edge.
Medical Imaging Technologies
Jeopardy $100 Fundamental Forces Uses for Nuclear Physics Decay Nuclear Stability Einstein’s Famous Equation $200 $300 $400 $500 $400 $300 $200 $100 $500.
Introducing cross- sectional imaging Dr.Ahmed S. Tawfeek FIBMS(Rad.)
X-Rays Lo: To know how x-rays are used in medical physics.
Interaction of x-ray photons (and gamma ray photons) with matter.
EMMA, BASROC, Hadron Therapy and ADSRs Roger Barlow STFC Cockcroft Review Feb 11 th 2009.
Medical Imaging How can we peer into body without cutting it open?
Nuclear medicine Essential idea Nuclear radiation, whilst dangerous owing to its ability to damage cells and cause mutations, can also be used to both.
Medical Physics.
Introduction to NS-FFAGs and EMMA Rob Edgecock STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING by PRADEEP V.EPAKAYAL. Mem.no L.
Treatment Chart Record of patients radiation therapy history. Must contain: History and diagnosis Rationale for treatment Treatment plan Consent Documentation.
5.5 Medical Applications Using Radioactivity
Instrumentation for radiotherapy Imaging: 1. Fast Time Of Flight PET
Diagnostic Imaging Medical Interventions
Medical Imaging Illuminating the Body.
Learning Objectives By the end of this lesson you should…
Diagnostic Imaging.
Application of Nuclear Physics
ACCELERATORS AND DETECTORS
Presentation transcript:

Cancer Therapy and Imaging Cancer Therapy and Imaging Rob Edgecock STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

Imaging and Dosimetry Imaging and Dosimetry What else do we need to know for radiotherapy?  Where the tumour is (exactly)  The structure of the patient  Optimum treatment  Correct dose is delivered Imaging Treatment planning Dosimetry

Imaging Imaging Four main techniques X-rays

Imaging Imaging Four main techniques X-rays More absorption by denser objects, e.g. bones - appear lighter Less absorption by less dense objects - appear darker

Imaging Imaging Four main techniques CT Scan: Computerised (Axial) Tomography X-rays source and detector rotate Thousands of images taken 3Dish image built by computer Very common technique as very fast

Imaging Imaging Four main techniques CT Scan: Computerised (Axial) Tomography Much bigger dose than X-rays!

Imaging Imaging Four main techniques Molecular imaging: PET and SPECT Load tumour/organ with radiopharmaceutical. Detect products from decay. Positron Emission Tomography Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Imaging Imaging Four main techniques PET Scan: Most accurate tumour location Not so good for surroundings

Imaging Imaging Four main techniques SPECT: uses a gamma emitter directly Gamma detectors rotate. Make 2D images. 3D reconstructed offline. Resolution not as good as PET.

Imaging Imaging Four main techniques MRI Scan: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Magnetic field lines up atoms. Different atoms absorb different RF frequencies. Very good for soft tissues (exploits hydrogen in water).

Imaging Imaging Four main techniques are (sort of) complementary None is ideal Can lead to incorrectly defined margins Results from 11 student oncologists. Areas inside lines would be treated.

Imaging Imaging Situation is improved by combining techniques E.g. CT + PET Still significant room for improvement Results from 11 student oncologists. Areas inside lines would be treated.

Treatment Planning Treatment Planning Takes images, etc Uses software to determine best treatment plan Best position, angle, no. of fields, energies, etc Depends on image quality, knowledge of tissue, etc Tumour motion TimescaleEffectPossible solution SecondsBreathingGating; averaging MinutesPatient motionMarkers DayPatient position; food & liquidMarkers; re-scan Week “ “ “ “Markers; re-scan Reduced precision of beam delivery – larger area

Dosimetry Dosimetry Verify correct dose delivered to tumour ”In-vivo” dosimetry preferred.....but not actually in-vivo! Catheter dosimeterWireless dosimeter

Contributions from Particle Physics Contributions from Particle Physics Improved accelerators for radiotherapy  hard to improve on linacs for X-rays  but Laptop 1MeV electron prototype Big sister being tested

Contributions from Particle Physics Contributions from Particle Physics Fixed Field Alternating Gradient accelerator Cyclotron-like Synchrotron-like Combines features of cyclotrons and synchrotrons Interesting for X-ray radiotherapy But.....particularly interesting for hadron therapy plus particle physics, power generation, etc

Hadron Therapy Requirements  Proton up to carbon beams; 250 MeV to 400MeV/u  Rapid cycling: ~ Hz  Rapid energy variation from accelerator  Gantries  Reliability  “Small” cost  Small size Used currently:  Cyclotrons: protons; SC understudy for carbon  Synchrotrons: protons and carbon

Requirements CyclotronSynchrotronFFAG Protons & carbonYes(ish)Yes Rapid cyclingYesNoYes Variable energyNoYes Cost and size – S/CYesNoYes GantriesYes ReliabilityYesNo(ish)Yes FFAGs very interesting Most interesting type – no machine ever built So we’ve built one – called EMMA

EMMA EMMA = proof-of-principle machine Electrons from 10 to 20MeV Use ALICE as injector 42 magnetic “cells” Built on 7 girders

EMMA Works! Full experimental programme started. First results published in Nature Physics.

PAMELA

PAMELA

PAMELA Recondensing cryocooler Insulating vacuum chamber 4k Helium vessel Magnets Magnet support structure 40k Radiation shield 40k Inner radiation shield D F F Next step: prototyping of main components: - ring magnets - RF cavities - extraction magnets Positive funding signs

Contributions from Particle Physics Contributions from Particle Physics Improved PET imaging:  better tumour location  verification that treatment in correct place

ToF PET ToF PET Standard PET:  best tumour locator  but essentially 2D  software required  worse resolution & long time ToF PET  3D  better image & shorter time Detector Tomograph Ring

ToF PET ToF PET Conventional500 ps1.2 ns300 ps700 ps Phantom (1:2:3 body:liver:tumor) PP techniques being tried Target ~50ps, but v. difficult Projects to improve other techniques underway Achieved Commercially available

Contributions from Particle Physics Contributions from Particle Physics In-vivo dosimetry  smaller device - possible to leave in?  lower power consumption  additional functionality at later date RF UNIT PWR UNIT RAD UNIT RF receiver Radiation Source Implantable micro unit Concept of in-vivo dosimetry

Contributions from Particle Physics Contributions from Particle Physics In-vivo dosimetry  smaller device - possible to leave in?  lower power consumption  additional functionality at later date Low power electronic Radiation Sensor Antenna 1000μm Thin film battery on the back side Silicon chip

Contributions from Particle Physics Contributions from Particle Physics Data storage and analysis:  creating framework for clinical data  including long term follow-up  help strengthen case  provide info for improvements Patient modelling  no two patients the same  treatment planning includes modelling of beam  PP techniques and codes being tried  PP measurements of interactions for models

Conclusions Knowledge from PP being applied in various areas Strong priority in the UK One discussed here Cancer therapy  data storage and analysis  modelling  detector development  accelerator design