28 October 2015 Economic Development Development Gap Reasons for and how to solve...

28 October 2015 Economic Development Lesson Objectives To know the factors that have led to the development gap. To understand how these factors have led to some countries being more developed than others.

Starter Sudan’s Civil war Flooding in Bangladesh Can you identify the factors that have affected economic development in these two video clips? How could they have contributed to poverty in these countries?

Research 1)What are the causes of the development gap? Eg. Natural disasters that LEDCs cant recover from (Haiti – how long will it take them to bridge the gap?) 2)Find an MEDC case study of a flood and compare how they responded compared to Bangladesh? Is the difference obvious? 28 October 2015 Economic Development

Case Study Examples 1.Political – Sudan’s Civil war began in Arab v’s non Arab communities -Fighting over grazing rights and land -Burnt farmlands, schools and hospitals In 2004 approx 50’000 deaths mainly due to starvation, 200’000 refugees to other countries 2.Physical – Flooding in Bangladesh -Regularly occurs due to monsoon season -Destroys buildings, infrastructure and communications -Can damage destroy crops and animals -Contaminates drinking water 28 October 2015

Why is there a development gap? Physical Factors Lack of natural resources Natural Disasters Poor Water Supply Climate – not suitable to crop growing Disease and Illness – Cannot work / buy or sell food Economic Factors Unfair Trade – Subsidies Over reliance on farming Growth of Multi national companies Lack of technology / resources Debt owed to other countries Political Factors Instability e.g. civil war (land mines in Angola make land unusable) Power of West over others Corrupt government e.g. Zimbabwe Cultural Factors Some indigenous tribes CHOOSE traditional way of life Some societies e.g. Tibet don’t see value in material goods Historical Factors Formal European colonies were left in turmoil after given independence e.g. India 28 October 2015

CASE STUDY: Mozambique (p ) Using the factors discussed, prepare a group presentation to explain why Mozambique is a LEDC. Your presentation must: Identify the factors Explain how the named factors have contributed to the economic status of Mozambique Oral and written contribution from each member

How can the development gap be reduced? Discuss and try to complete this table in pairs/small groups. MethodDescriptionAdvantagesDisadvantages Multinational Investment Development of Tourism Development Projects Intermediate Technology Helps people develop appropriate skills and use appropriate technology to do things better Empowers locals Training and skills Develops local industry Sustainable Possibly limits the amount of development that can happen Fairtade and Reducing Debt 28 October 2015

Economic Development MethodDescriptionAdvantagesDisadvantages Multinational Investment Multinational companies invest in an LEDC e.g. Build a factory Provide work +income Training and skills Can lead to development of other industry Wages lower than MEDC’s Working conditions poor Poor Environmental Management Most profits go out of country Developmen t of Tourism LEDC government use natural resources, history + culture to attract tourists Brings in money Creates jobs Helps develop other areas Helps develop transport and infrastructure Jobs are seasonal Wages are low Building resorts can damage environment Large no. of visitors can cause pollution

MethodDescriptionAdvantagesDisadvantages Development Projects Charities, NGO’s or foreign governments aim to improve Q of L Improves Q of L for those involved Allows people to help themselves Doesn’t require investment. Local communities may become reliant on charity Funding can run out. Can undermine local economy Intermediate Technology Helps people develop appropriate skills and use appropriate technology to do things better Empowers locals Training and skills Develops local industry Sustainable Possibly limits the amount of development that can happen Fairtrade and Reducing Debt Creating fair trading rules between LEDC and MEDC Removing debt owed by LEDC Allows LEDC to develop industry Fair price for goods Sustainable Creates a false market Unable to compete with other countries long term. 28 October 2015

Homework Choose 3 LEDC as case studies to research on. Use 1 of the following factors to explain the reason for them being less developed. All 3 factors must be used(1 for each country) 1.Economic Factor 2.Cultural Factor 3.Historical Factor

28 October 2015 Economic Development How well have you done? Yes! I have understood fully and have made good progress. I have done ok but I am still unsure of some of it. Help! I don’t understand it.