SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities Test Facility Task Force R. Hettel May 4, 2011

X-ray FEL Parameters – Now and Future (C. Pellegrini et al., summary of FEL workshops.) † photons/s/mm 2 /mrad 2 /0.1% BW red = parameter space to be developed SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

The Need for FEL Test Facilities Many facility-years of R&D required to expand and exploit the potential parameter space and performance capabilities of future X-ray FELs (and perhaps reduce their cost) Some R&D can be conducted at operational facilities like the LCLS, but availability highly limited and there is risk that R&D-related modifications may be a risk for user operations Accelerator test facilities, possibly more than one, are required to conduct the FEL R&D program. Facilities operating in parallel at different energies desirable, e.g.: low energy (order 5 MeV) for high brightness electron sources mid-energy (order 100 MeV) ) for R&D on microbunching, CSR, injector optimization, etc. high energy (order GeV) for R&D on nm-seeding, high-E manipulation, etc. Nationwide R&D and test facility collaboration strategy preferred SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

Identify and prioritize candidate programs for FEL accelerator R&D at SLAC that 1) are relevant to SLAC, and 2) relevant to national and international FEL programs (e.g. NGLS) Identify FEL test facilities at SLAC (existing and future) that can accommodate candidate R&D programs; estimate related implementation and operational costs and schedule for each Determine what other labs could host various R&D programs besides SLAC Recommend SLAC FEL test facility and R&D program options, including schedule of availability and implementation for each, as a function of assumed funding (e.g. 5 M$, 10 M$, 20 M$, 40 M$, etc.) FEL R&D Test Facility Task Force - Charge SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011 Future goal: develop collaborations and establish nation-wide accelerator test facility strategy

Task force members: C. AdolphsenA. BrachmannE. ColbyP. Emma J. FrischA. Fry Z. HuangJ. Galayda R. HettelC. PellegriniT. Raubenheimer J. Schmerge J. SeemanS. TantawiJ. WelchU. Wienands B. White Task force milestones: Dec 2010: Facility overview, charter clarification, working group assignments, schedule Jan-Mar 2011:Working group reports; task and schedule iteration Mid-April:Draft recommendations for internal review End April:Final report FEL R&D Test Facility Task Force – Members and Schedule SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

Test Facility Scenario Definition Process FEL R&D list was prioritized, time of need and stakeholders identified R&D tasks were mapped onto all facilities at SLAC and rough costs of modifying each facility to host the experiment Optimal facilities were selected based on –cost of implementation –synergy between new and existing programs (both HEP and BES) –value as a long-term investment in SLAC infrastructure Four funding scenarios were defined ranging from modest growth above current funding to a profile that matched the full FEL R&D program. –Types of funding (LDRD, BES R&D, WFO, etc.) were also prescribed and R&D tasks assigned by priority to the FEL program and appropriateness to the type of funding Illustrative year-by-year funding profiles were developed to understand the R&D synergies and interferences SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

SLAC FEL R&D Program, including NGLS (Z. Huang, J. Hastings et al.) SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

SLAC Test Facilities Cathode Research Laboratory (CRL) photocathode development Gun/RF Test Facility (G/RFTF, presently ASTA) high brightness electron source R&D diagnostics R&D Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator (NLCTA) and ESB low-E beam manipulation, compression and seeding (e.g. Echo-15) electron source R&D FEL technology test and measurement

SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011 Sector 10 Injector (LCLS-II injector, installed early) new LCLS operating regimes LCLS injector parameter optimization code benchmarking velocity bunching test LCLS-I and –II self-seeding (hard and soft) ultrafast techniques multiple bunches polarization control THz/X-rays SLAC Test Facilities – cont. LCLS-II S10 Injector (early installation) soft x-ray hard x-ray LCLS-I

SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011 Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experiment Tests (FACET, user facility) plasma wakefield acceleration is primary goal THz source development beam diagnostics development S0 Injector Test Facility - FUTURE high energy laser seeding and beam manipulation (e.g. Echo-100, ESASE) high energy bunch compression advanced undulator testing possible future FACET-II SLAC Test Facilities – cont.

Sector 0 Injector Test Facility – Multi-GeV FEL R&D (J. Frisch et al.) 135 MeV: Gun brightness optimization at 1pc – 3nC Test other frequency RF guns (with new RF sources: X-band high gradient, low frequency (NGLS), possibly DC gun) Multi-bunch tests. Low charge diagnostics Emittance exchange (with added equipment) 250 MeV: Compression Studies Velocity bunching Nonlinear optics Micro-bunching and COTR CSR studies Laser Heater studies Other Applications Compact /efficient THz source Electron Diffraction source 2-10 GeV: High-E bunch compression tests Slotted spoiler tests Diagnostics Multi-bunch fast kickers Short (~1GL) undulator tests Seeding (NGLS) and ESASE Future LCLS-III injector SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

Test Facilities at SLAC and Elsewhere Low energy, <25 MeV high brightness beam facilities: LBNL – APEXSLAC – ASTA*SPRING - 8 Gun Test LabUCLA – Pegasus Medium energy, 25 MeV to 500 MeV beam facilities: BNL-ATF BNL-SDL DESY Zeuthen -PITZ INFN – SPARC LLNL / SLAC – Megaray PSI-FEL-Injector Shanghai-SDUVSLAC-NCLTA SPring-8 - SCSS TA SLAC-Sector 10 Injector High energy, > 500-MeV facilities: FNAL – NML KEK-ATF2MIT Bates LINACSLAC-ESTB SLAC –FACETSLAC Sector 0 ITF High energy, >1 GeV FEL user machines (limited access time): DESY – FLASH SLAC - LCLS-I and -IITrieste - FERMISPring-8 FEL Other facilities, not well-suited for FEL R&D: ANL AWA CERN-CTF-III Cornell - CESR_TADaresbury-ALICE Daresbury-EMMA Duke- Storage Ring FNAL - A0 / NICADD LBNL-BELLA LLNL Pleiades SLAC - ESB TJNAF - JLab FELTJNAF – CEBAF UCLA-Neptune SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

scenari o facilitiesprogramscostcollab 1 CRL, G/RFTF, NLCTA, LCLS, laser lab gun/cathode development, ultrafast diagnostics, multibunch, THz, low-E bunch manip, self-seeding on LCLS With LBNL/NGLS funds : low-E seeding (NLCTA) seeding laser development NGLS diagnostics, timing/sync 4.5 M$/yr (LCLS Ops, BES R&D) +~3M$/yr from NGLS (LBNL BES R&D/LDRD) NGLS 2 same as 1 + early LCLS-II injector same as mos LCLS-II injector R&D + optimization funds for polarization/taper undulators on LCLS ~10 M$/yr ( includes 3 M$ via NGLS) NGLS other? 3 same as 2 + S0 ITF same as 2 Echo-100 demo high-E bunch compression advanced undulator testing ESASE ~15 M$/yr + 40 M$ over 4 years for ITF/Echo-100 construction (32 M$ ITF construction + 3M$/yr via NGLS) NGLS national FEL FACET 4 same as 3 + full R&D program same as 3 bunch compressors for Echo-100 full FEL R&D program ~21 M$/yr + 40 M$ over 4 years for full ITF construction (~36 M$ ITF construction +3M$/yr via NGLS) NGLS national FEL FACET Funding-Dependent Test Facility Scenarios SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011 no nm laser seeding or high-E bunch compression hi-E laser seeding and compression

SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011

Funding-Dependent Test Facility Scenarios – cont. preliminary cost estimates are very approximate

Future science applications, including those for LCLS and NGLS X-ray FELs, will require accelerators having cutting edge performance Investment in test facilities for accelerator R&D will be critical to the success of future FEL facilities in exploiting FEL performance potential Accelerator R&D can help reduce facility construction costs Test facilities are invaluable for attracting high quality accelerator scientists and students and for stimulating innovation in general Important to have test facilities with different energy scales Test facilities are expensive; even small facilities are expensive to operate and maintain Collaboration on FEL R&D with other laboratories (LBNL/NGLS, etc.) will benefit all – NEXT STEP Model for accelerator test facility support is changing but support is critical for future R&D (HEP, BES, etc.) – need a national plan – NEXT STEP FEL R&D Test Facilities at SLAC: Summary SLAC FEL R&D Test Facilities May 4, 2011