Nutrition Professionals in Military and Government

Nutrition Professionals in Military/Government Areas of Employment Canadian Forces Provincial/federal departments i.e., health, health promotion, Health Canada, PHAC Canadian Space Agency w/ NASA & ESA Activities Military - Food Services, Clinical, Community Government Policy development – nutrition labeling, school food, breastfeeding, etc. Nutrition guidance

Nutrition in Space 3 physiological systems affected Body composition fluid, bone, muscle, fat Energy utilization Endocrine function What are balance studies? Negative balance?

Body Composition - Fluid What is the main result seen on fluid balance studies of astronauts/cosmonauts? Decreases in fluid amounts of mL in microgravity Decreased plasma volume by 6-13% Contributing factors? Motion sickness Diuresis effect of headward shift of fluids

Body Composition - Muscle What might be possible reasons for the muscle atrophy seen in space flight? Insufficient food intake (nausea) Disuse, lack of exercise Legs most affected Despite adequate intake to maintain

Body Composition - Bone What is the effect of zero-gravity on bone? Demineralization Possible reasons? Increased excretion of calcium and phosphorous Loss of weight-bearing activity Parathyroid hormone may not be activated Alterations to vitamin D metabolism How is mineral loss measured?

OSTEO Missions Osteoporosis Experiments in Orbit To understand effect of microgravity on bone cells To evaluate anti-osteoporosis treatments Developed by Canadian Space Agency OSTEO 1 operated on Discovery

eOSTEO Enhanced OSTEO Automated version launched on unmanned Russian satellite – Foton M3 September 2007 Developed by European Space Agency & Canadian Space Agency CSA partnering with UofT, McGill, CIHR

Energy Utilization Measuring energy utilization during space flights Food intake logs, metabolic balance studies, food disappearance data, respiratory gases What have studies shown to be significant changes in energy nutrient use?

Endocrine Functions What have been the main endocrine function changes noted during space travel? Increased insulin & blood glucose levels Plasma glucagon higher Increased CHO use & decreased metabolic efficiency

Nutrition in Space What can nutrition professionals do to improve energy intake during space flight?

ISS Cooking csa.gc.ca/eng/astronauts/living_eat ing.asp Marc Garneau

ISS Cuisine Celebratory meals for longer missions Packaged in tins reheated in ISS ovens Entrees Quail in wine sauce; red tuna; swordfish; confit of duck w/ capers Side dishes Carrots w/ orange & coriander; puree of celery w/ nutmeg Desserts Semolina cake w/ dried apricots; apple fondant; rice pudding w/ candied fruit;

Astronaut Responses “Food is something which gives us a break.” “... good meals provide an important morale boost.” “[food] is something where we find some joy and we are really trying to take some time for our meals.”

Required Readings Campagna, Wadsworth, et al., 2007 (web) Health Canada, EWCFG (web) Health Canada. Physical Activity Guide (web)