Medical School Histology Basics Blood and Lymph Vessels VIBS 289 lab Larry Johnson Texas A&M University

Introduction Multicellular Organisms Need 3 Mechanisms Distribute oxygen, nutrients, and hormones 2.Collect waste 3.Transport waste to excretory organs

Introduction Multicellular Organisms Need 3 Mechanisms Distribute oxygen, nutrients, and hormones 2.Collect waste 3.Transport waste to excretory organs CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

HEART PRODUCES BLOOD PRESSURE (SYSTOLE) Vessels are structurally adapted to physical requirements and metabolic needs

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ELASTIC ARTERIES- CONDUCT BLOOD AND MAINTAIN PRESSURE DURING DIASTOLE

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM MUSCULAR ARTERIES - DISTRIBUTE BLOOD, MAINTAIN PRESSURE ARTERIOLES - PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE AND DISTRIBUTE BLOOD CAPILLARIES - EXCHANGE NUTRIENTS AND WASTE VENULES - COLLECT BLOOD FROM CAPILLARIES (EDEMA)

LAYERS IN VASCULAR WALL LAYERCOMPOSITION TUNICA INTIMAENDOTHELIUM (SUBENDOTHELIA CT. INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA) TUNICA MEDIASMOOTH MUSCLE (ELASTIC LAMELLAE, EXTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA) TUNICACONNECTIVE TISSUE ADVENTITIA (LONGITUDINAL SMOOTH MUSCLE, VASA VASORUM)

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Note flattened endothelial cells viewed on their side and on face (flat side of pancake) in arterioles in the iris (left side near the trabecular meshwork of the monkey eye Slide 34412Slide Fattened endothelial cells Iris of monkey eye Anterior chamber on face Arteriole Dilator muscle

Slides 226, note that the endocardiumSlides 226 of endothelium resting on a thin layer of connective tissue and covers the entire inner surface of the myocardium. Edocardium Connective tissue Endothelium Myocardium

#4#4 Cardiac cells

Epicardium Myocardium

Slide HISTO023 Purkinje Fibers Myocardium Heart muscle

Slide HISTO024 Connective tissue Heart valves Endocardium Myocardium

Slide HISTO024 Connective tissue Heart valve Endocardium Myocardium Endothelium Connective tissue

Aorta large elastic artery TUNICA INTIMA TUNICA MEDIA TUNICA ADVENTITIA Elastic laminae interspersed with smooth muscle cells Slide 427 Vasa vasorum TUNICA MEDIA TUNICA ADVENTITIA

Slide 427 Slide 427 Aorta TUNICA MEDIA TUNICA INTIMA Elastic laminae Smooth muscle cells

Lung elastic artery Smooth muscle cells Elastic laminae TUNICA MEDIA TUNICA INTIMA Endothelium TUNICA ADVENTITIA Fibroblasts Vasa vasorum

Heart Vasa vasorum Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium

Muscular arteries in UT 196B1 Human spermatic cord UT 196B1 Muscular arteries Large vein Thick muscular tunica media Wrinkled lumen Elastic membranes

Fallopian tube Muscular artery Small vein venule Wrinkled lumen Elastic membranes tunica media:

Fallopian tube muscular arteries Muscular arteries Wrinkled lumen Elastic membranes tunica intima: endothelial lining; distinct internal elastic membrane tunica media: thickest layer; up to 40 layers of circularly arranged smooth muscle tunica adventitia Tunica adventitia Tunica media tunica intima

Bile duct with portal vein, monkey 126 Hepatic portal vein tunica adventitia containing longitudinal muscle fibers Tunica media Tunica intima

Bile duct with portal vein, monkey 126 tunica adventitia containing longitudinal muscle fibers Common bile duct Hepatic portal vein Endothelium Tunica media

Bile duct with portal vein, monkey 126 tunica adventitia containing longitudinal muscle fibers Common bile duct Hepatic portal vein Endothelium Tunica media

basal lamina Autoregulation occurs by realization of smooth muscle cells if O2 levels are too low in arterioles (not arteries) as ARTERIOLES are responsible for PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE Heart, epicardium myocardium Vasa vasorum

Bile duct with portal vein, monkey 126 Medium vein Muscular artery Arterioles Venules Capillary Fat cells

Small vein Small artery Muscular artery Arterioles Venules Capillary Fallopian tube

EM 9 of arteriole: 1.Endothelial cell 2.Internal elastic membrane 3.Smooth muscle cell

liver kidney/adrenal muscle/brain basal lamina

CONTINUOUS FENESTRATED SINUSOIDAL

TYPES OF CAPILLARIES & BASAL LAMINA CHARACTERISTICS CAPILLARIESBASAL LAMINAEXAMPLES OF LOCATIONS CONTINUOUSCOMPLETEMUSCLE, TESTIS, BRAIN, THYMUS FENESTRATEDCOMPLETEGLOMERULUS, ADRENAL DISCONTINUOUSINCOMPLETE ORLIVER, SPLEEN, BONE OR SINUSOIDALLACKINGMARROW MUSCLEGLOMERULUSLIVER

Adrenal-cortex and medulla 186 FENESTRATED Capillaries these are sinusoid blood vessels

Gall bladder & liver, monkey 155 SINUSOIDAL capillaries

Rib bone marrow 420 SINUSOIDAL capillaries

SINUSOIDAL capillaries 420 Bone marrow

EM 10a: pericyte in vessel wall; 20,000x 1.Lumen 2.Endothelial cell 3.Tight junction

EM 17 of capillary in the lamina propria of the intestine 1.Smooth muscle cell 2.Capillary 3.Endothelial cell

EM 10b

Continuous capillaries in skeletal muscle 136 CONTINUOUS capillaries in muscle Tongue

Histo 052 Tongue052 Continuous capillaries in skeletal muscle

Small intestinal villi in the rat Lymphatic capillaries

Bile duct with portal vein, monkey 126 Lymphatic vessels identified by their lymph in the lumen of each Lymphatic vessel with valves The lumen of blood vessels was cleared by vascular perfusion with fixative Lymphatic capillary Valves Muscular artery

LYMPH VESSELS FUNCTIONS RETURN PROTEIN, FLUID, AND BLOOD CELLS TRANSPORT SECRETIONS (HORMONES, ANTIBODIES) TRANSPORT FAT (NEUTRAL FAT)

Thoracic duct 128 Circular and oblique smooth muscle bundles separated by connective tissue in the tunica media (the thickest layer) Smooth muscle Vasa vasorum of the tunica adventitia tunica media

UT196UT196 valves in large vein of spermatic cord Valves Valve = connective tissue core draped with endothelium

UT196UT196 valve in lymphatic vessel in spermatic cord 196 Vein Lymphatic vessels Artery Valves in vessels

In summary Blood pressure generated Exchange in capillaries Fluid return via lymph Vessels adapted for mechanical and metabolic needs

Questions on blood vessels 1. Which of the following structure – function about the cardiovascular system do not match? a. Heart- produce blood pressure (diastole) b. Elastic arteries- conduct blood and maintain pressure during systole c. Muscular arteries- peripheral resistance d. a and b e. a, b, and c 2. Which type of capillary - location do not match: a. continuous - muscle b. fenestrated - glomerulus c. continuous – bone marrow d. a and b e. a, b, and c

Bruce Alberts, et al Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, NY. Bruce Alberts, et al Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, NY. William J. Banks, Applied Veterinary Histology. Williams and Wilkins, Los Angeles, CA. Hans Elias, et al Histology and Human Microanatomy. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. Don W. Fawcett Bloom and Fawcett. A textbook of histology. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA. Don W. Fawcett Bloom and Fawcett. A textbook of histology. Chapman and Hall, New York, NY. Arthur W. Ham and David H. Cormack Histology. J. S. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, PA. Luis C. Junqueira, et al Basic Histology. Lange Medical Publications, Los Altos, CA. L. Carlos Junqueira, et al Basic Histology. Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, CT. L.L. Langley, et al Dynamic Anatomy and Physiology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY. W.W. Tuttle and Byron A. Schottelius Textbook of Physiology. The C. V. Mosby Company, St. Louis, MO. Leon Weiss Histology Cell and Tissue Biology. Elsevier Biomedical, New York, NY. Leon Weiss and Roy O. Greep Histology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY. Nature ( Vol. 414:88,2001. Arthur C. Guyton,1971.Textbook of Medical Physiology W.B. Saunders company, Philadelphia, PA WW Tuttle and BA Schottelius 1969 Textbook of Physiology C.V. Mosby Co. A.L. Mescher 2013 Junqueira’s Basis Histology text and atlas, 13 th ed. McGraw Many illustrations in these VIBS Histology YouTube videos were modified from the following books and sources: Many thanks to original sources!

Fossils in wall of Santa Elena Canyon – Big Bend National Park

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