Surveying for Architectural Engineers Introduction

The instructor The team. The syllabus Lab sections: – locations and times. –Organization. Assignments and late work policy. Exams

Surveying Definition: surveying is the science art and technology of determining the relative positions of points above, on, or beneath the earth’s surface. Why surveying for arch. Engineers: Locating objects to produce maps and drawings for design Setting-out of objects for execution, such as in construction surveying or landscaping.

History of surveying: earliest recorded documents suggest that surveying began in Egypt thousands of years ago a the era of Sesostrs about 1400 BC for taxation purposes.

Aswan Eratosthenes, 220 BC, measured the distance S knowing the speed of camel caravans and measuring the time. He then estimated the angle (α) from the length of the shadow of a vertical mast at the same time when the sun illuminated the bottom of a deep well in Aswan, same time in two summers. The extension of the vertical mast will pass by the center of the earth. Determining the Dimensions of the Earth

. Types of Surveying Surveying can be classified in many ways. 1- According to the method of measurement: –Ground, Hydrographic, aerial, or satellite surveys (GPS?) 2- According to the consideration of the curvature of the earth: –Geodetic & plane. The error for not considering the curvature of the earth is about 0.6 cm in 8.25 km. Accuracy considerations THIS COURSE WILL COVER BASICS OF PLANE SURVEYING.

Present and future: technological advances and application: GPS, LIDAR, softcopy Phtogrammetry, remote sensing and high resolution satellite images, and GIS. Examples of surveying products: Maps: different types for different purposes, construction drawings can be considered maps. They show features, they coordinates, elevations, and more. Geo-referenced images, can be corrected to serve as maps. Digital terrain models 3-D models

Topographic map of a site in preparation for architectural design

3-D Representation of topographic mapping

Digital Surface Model

GIS

GPS

LIDAR

Photogrammetry