Chapters 5 and 7 Genetics

1. True or False? The failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis resulting in the addition or deletion of one or more chromosomes from a gamete is called trisomy. - False - Nondisjunction

2. Fill in the Blank: Having an extra chromosome usually produced when a gamete with an extra chromosome is fertilized by normal gamete is called __________. - Trisomy 3. What is triploidy? - Triploidy is when an organism has three sets of chromosomes (3n)

4. True or false? An organism which has more than two (2n) sets of chromosomes is called polyploid. - True 5. Sex – linked inheritance involves which chromosomes? a) 1 and 2 b) X c) Y d) 2 and 3

6. True or false? A pattern of inheritance where trait is controlled by more than one gene is continuous variation. - False – Polygenic inheritance 7. What are modifier genes? Modifier genes are genes that work with other genes to control the expression of a certain trait

8. Name and describe 3 different genetic disorders. Alkaptonuria – An individual has black urine Albinism – The eyes, skin and hair have no pigment Tay-Sachs Disease – Brains and spinal cords deteriorate Phenylketonuria (PKU) – If not treated can cause a mental handicap Sickle Cell Anemia – Leads to blood clots and reduced blood flow to vital organs Progeria – Rapid aging

9. Fill in the blank. The pigment in cells that is responsible for the colour of an organism’s hair, skin and eyes is called ______? - Melanin 10. True or false? A condition where the overall red blood cell count is too low to support the body’s oxygen requirement is called hemoglobin - -False - Anemia

11. How many alleles are involved in heterogeneous advantage? a)3 b)1 c)2 d) Describe the process of gel electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis is a procedure in which molecules travel through a gel subjective to an electrical current

13. True or false? An autosomal dominant condition in which the brain deteriorates over a number of years is called Huntington disease. - True 14. The illustration of chromosomes in a nucleus of a somatic cell is called: a) Fetoscopy b) Ultrasound c) Translocation d) Karyotype

15. Describe the effects of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and what causes it? Duchenne muscular dystrophy causes the muscle cells to become engorged with fat and connective tissue deposits, and eventually waste away. It is caused by an X-linked recessive inheritance. Duchenne muscular dystrophy causes the muscle cells to become engorged with fat and connective tissue deposits, and eventually waste away. It is caused by an X-linked recessive inheritance. 16. Fill in the Blank A ________ involves a group of disorders that occur together. - Syndrome - Syndrome

17. True or False? Some factors that can trigger deletion are irradiation, chemicals, and viruses. -True 18. True or False? Mutation is a change in the physical structure of a chromosome and a gene sequence is repeated within a chromosome. Mutation is a change in the physical structure of a chromosome and a gene sequence is repeated within a chromosome. -False - Duplication

19. What is Fragile X syndrome? - Fragile X Syndrome is caused by duplication and it is a weak segment in an X chromosome. 20. Inversion occurs when: a) A chromosome is duplicated, but in the reverse order b) A certain gene segment becomes free from its chromosome, and is reinserted in the reverse order c) Part of one chromosome changes part with another part of the same chromosome d) Chromosomes or chromatids do not separate during meiosis

21. What is a disorder and a disease that are related to translocation? - Down syndrome is related to translocation between chromosomes 14 and 21. Also cancer could occur if part of chromosome 8 exchanges places with chromosome What is amniocentesis used for? - Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used to test for abnormalities in a fetus.

23. What is the difference between an amniotic sac and amniotic fluid? - The amniotic sac is a fluid-filled membrane inside the uterus, which holds the amniotic fluid and the fetus. 24. True or False? The sampling of cells of chorion to test for genetic conditions in a fetus is called chorionic villi sampling. -True

25. Fill in the Blank The tissue that surrounds the amniotic sac housing the fetus is called ________. - Chorion 26. How does an ultrasound work? - An ultrasound works by sending sound waves that are unable to be heard by human ears through the amniotic fluid. These waves bounce off the fetus and create a three dimensional image of the fetus.

27. Multiple Choice The placenta is a: a) disease causing agent b) The structure that forms the chorion and the uterine wall and allows the fetus to obtain nutrients c) A molecule that contains a hydrocarbon d) A hormone produced in the pancreas

28. True or False? An endoscope is a long tube with a camera on the end that can be inserted into a mother’s abdomen and provide a clear view of the fetus - True 29. Fill in the blank: Babies born with _____ _____ have a vertical groove in their upper lips and into the roofs of the mouths - Cleft Palates

30. What is the major problem with cholesterol? - Once cholesterol enters the blood stream it is transported either to body cells or to the liver. If cholesterol cannot enter the cell it will circulate in the body and eventually collect inside the walls of arteries, which will clog the artery and cause an heart attack. 31. True or false? The medical procedure in which normal or modified genes are transferred into cells of an individual is called gene therapy - True

The End Please be sure you are able to complete all the different types of genetic crosses and family pedigrees we studied in class. Additionally, be sure that you have thoroughly read ch. 4-7, and have completed all of the worksheets assigned. Good Luck!!!!!!