Gene Expression Control of Gene Expression Activation of a gene that results in the formation of a _________. When transcription occurs a gene is “__________” or “_______ ____”. Example: Gene for blue eyes is “expressed” only in the iris of the eye. Genome: the complete genetic material contained in an individual. Structural Genes: code for a particular product.

Gene Expression Continued Promoter: Segment of DNA that recognizes RNA polymerase to promote transcription. Operator: Segment of DNA that can ________ _______________. Repressor Protein: ___________ a gene from being expressed (“turns off the gene”) Regulator Gene: _________ the expression of a specific gene by coding for a repressor.

Gene Expression and Development Cell Differentiation: development of cells with _______________ _____________. ◦ Controlled by __________ _________________. Homeotic Genes are regulatory genes that determine where anatomical structures will be placed during development. Cancer: ◦ Tumor: abnormal group of cells from ___________, abnormal cell division.  Benign: no threat unless compressing a vital organ; in a ________ ______.  Example: Fibroid cyst in uterus or breast, warts

Gene Expression and Development Cont.  Malignant: abnormal cells __________ and __________ healthy tissue elsewhere in the body.  Metastasis: __________ of cancer beyond the original site. Kinds of Cancer ◦ Carcinoma: skin, __________ ___________ organs.  Example: lung cancer, breast cancer ◦ Sarcomas: _______ and muscular tissue. ◦ Lymphomas: solid tumors in blood-forming tissue and may cause ___________. ◦ Leukemia: uncontrolled production of _________ blood cells.

Causes of Cancer Mutations: alter expression of genes. ◦ Spontaneous ◦ Caused by ___________ (substance that increases the risk of cancer).  Example: smoking, asbestos, radiation ◦ Viruses Mutagen: agents that cause _________.