Usool Al Fiqh- Lesson 7 Types of indication: The intellectual Indication The habitual Indication The postulated Indication The relation between the word and its meaning How was the realtion between the word and the meaning was established?

Types of indication THE INDICATION (DILALA) Is caused because of a mental tie between the Indicator and the indicated The intellectual Sun and sun light Heat and fire The habitual Hugging- Saying AAH for pain The postulated Verbal (words) and non verbal (Traffic signs)

Postulation and the language Conceiving or conceptualizing or picturing the word leads to picturing its meaning, due to the existence of a mental tie between both of them. How was this casual tie established between them? There are two debated opinions between the scholars.

The tie is natural or intellectual The supporting point this opinion is, that it is so strong, and strong mental ties are intellectual. Such as heat and fire. If it was intellectual or natural, then why does an Arab do not understand the meaning of Water when he hears it for the firs time, unlike the relation between heat and the fire.

The tie is postulated or established This is the second opinion which says that the tie has been established by the first person or the founders of that language, and were able to establish bonds between the word and the specific meanings. This process of postulation or fixation is called (WADH’), and the Postulator (WAADHE’), and the postulated word (AL- MOWDHOO’), and the meaning for which the word was postulated (ALMOWDHOO’ LAHO)

Objection on the second opinion How can the strong relationship of causality be explained between the word and the meaning? A person can not establish heat of water with the redness of the Ink, by saying that I have established a tie between them !

The respond The relationship of causality between two unrelated things in the human mind can be established, by several ways: If these two things associate together continuously (two friends) If the bond or tie between the two things was created by an influential circumstances (India and Malaria) A founder with strong influence (authority- kind- Messenger-father)

Usage- ESTI’MAAL If some one wants to pass a meaning from his mind to other persons mind, then he will use the word, so He will be called user (MOSTA’MIL) The word will be called used (MOSTA’MAL) The meaning will be called used for (MOSTA’MAL FEHE) The intention of the user will be called the intention of usage (ERADA ESTI’MAALIYAH) The word is ignored like the mirror, the meaning takes over the word, as the image is observed in the mirror.

The literal and the metaphorical meaning. Due to the some resemblance between the literal meaning (HAQEEQA) and the metaphorical meaning (MAJAAZ), some times the word postulated or kept or fixed for the literal meaning is used for the metaphorical meaning. Lion for a brave man. The relation between word and the literal meaning is primary. The relation between word and the metaphorical meaning is secondary. When the word is used for the metaphorical meaning it requires a QAREENA, or a clue of context which diverts the mind of the listener to the metaphorical meaning.

The Qareena (clue of context) Verbal (words) 1.Attached with the same statement. 2.Detached in different statement. Situational or circumstantial The Metaphorical meaning may become the literal meaning- Salaat Postulation could be self specifying (TA’YONI) or by a postulator (TAYEENI)