CHAPTER 2 Cultural Diversity. THE MEANING OF CULTURE culture is common to all societies humans change and adapt to their environment  foundation of culture.

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Presentation transcript:

CHAPTER 2 Cultural Diversity

THE MEANING OF CULTURE culture is common to all societies humans change and adapt to their environment  foundation of culture culture- all the shared products of human groups; physical objects, beliefs, values and behaviors a group shares

MATERIAL CULTURE physical objects (ex.: cars, books, buildings)

NONMATERIAL CULTURE abstract human creations (ex.: beliefs, family patterns, ideas, language, politics, economy, rules, work)

THE MEANING OF CULTURE society = people culture = material and non-material products people create

THE COMPONENTS OF CULTURE learned and shared All cultures have 5 basic components: 1. Technology 2. Symbols 3. Language 4. Values 5. Norms

TECHNOLOGY rules for using physical objects; interest in skills and rules of use

SYMBOLS create culture; used to communicate; have a shared meaning attached to them

LANGUAGE organization of written or spoken symbols; standardized

VALUES shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable

NORMS shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations; expectations, not actual behavior 2 types- folkways and mores

FOLKWAYS norms that describe socially acceptable behavior but do not have great moral significance; failure to follow results in a reprimand or minor punishment

MORES have great moral significance; violation endangers society’s stability; stronger punishment

LAWS serious mores, formalized; written rules of conduct enacted and enforced by the government (which may also enforce folkways)

EXAMINING CULTURE continually changes Levels of Complexity (least  most complex) Traits- simplest; individual tool, act, or belief that is related to a particular situation of need (ex.: forks, greeting) Culture complexes- cluster of interrelated traits (ex.: football) Culture patterns- combination of a number of culture complexes into an interrelated whole (ex.: American athletics)

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