Introduction to Plants…..

Biology I Review: What is botany? The study of plants What is the general traits of the Plant kingdom: Eukaryotic Cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles Autotrophic Makes its own food through the process of photosynthesis Multicellular

Overall structure of a plant cell: A: Vacuole Storage area for water and sugar B: Cell wall Provide shape and support D: Nucleus Contains DNA E: Mitochondria Breaks sugar down into energy F:Chloroplast Site of photosynthesis

Importance of plants: Major role in our water cycle Uses up CO2 and produces O2 Used as our primary food source Source of medicine Yams produce cortisone that treat inflamation Source of fabric Cotton, linen (flax), hemp

Used for housing and shelters Basis of fossil fuels coal, oil and natural gas Stored photosynthetic energy from millions of years ago Used for housing and shelters Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

Plant Kingdom shows much biodiversity Plant Kingdom is made up of 12 phyla and includes over 270,000 different species 500 million years ago plants were only in the water Land plants appeared 430 million years ago What changed to move plants from water to land? Development of the ozone layer Protected plants from the sun’s harmful UV rays Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

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1. Development of a cuticle What adaptations were needed to allow a plant to move from a water to a land environment? 1. Development of a cuticle Waxy, protective covering that prevents water loss Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

2. Development of stomata Small openings on the surface that allows O2 and CO2 to move in and out of plant Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

Must reproduce with spores or seeds These structures prevent water loss, provide protection and nourish embryo Sounds like what structure we already learned about in the animal kingdom? -the egg Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

Had to have the formation of vascular tissue A type of tissue that provides support, transports water and dissolved substances from one part of the plant to another 1. Xylem: -carries water and inorganic nutrients from roots to stems and leaves Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

2. Phloem Carries organic food molecules (sugars) and water in any direction depending on a plants needs Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

Plant Classification: Plants are divided into 2 main groups: 1. Vascular: Has vascular tissues, roots, stems and leaves Examples: Ferns, flowering plants and conifers Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

2. Nonvascular: -has no vascular tissue -No true roots, stems or leaves -Examples: -mosses and liverworts Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

Vascular: further divided into two groups Seedless plants Seeded plants FERNS reproduce with spores Gymnosperms Angiosperms Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

Gynmosperms: -include pines, evergreens and ginkgoes Seeds are not encased in a fruit Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

Angiosperms: -Flowering plants Seeds are produced within a flower and housed in some type of protective fruit Examples: Apples, cherries, grass Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

Angiosperms are further divided into: Monocotyledons Dicotyledons (monocots) (dicots) Free Template from www.brainybetty.com

What is a cotyledon? -first leaf of embryo Free Template from www.brainybetty.com