Extra Cell Ideas. I. Cell Size Limited by surface to volume ratio (bigger cells have a smaller ratio) Large cells need too much DNA.

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Presentation transcript:

Extra Cell Ideas

I. Cell Size Limited by surface to volume ratio (bigger cells have a smaller ratio) Large cells need too much DNA

II. Cancer

A. What is Cancer? - A cell begins to grow out of control and multiplies - this forms a mass of cells called a tumor

Cells normally stop growing when they come into contact with other cells. Cancer cells just keep growing like crazy.

Benign Tumor

Malignant Tumor

- A cancerous (or malignant) tumor might spread to the rest of the body - A benign tumor is not spreading - A biopsy is when a sample of a tumor is removed to see if it is malignant (cancerous)

B. How does a person get cancer? Cyclin are like bells in school

- Chemicals called cyclins control how fast cells move through the cell cycle and divide - The nucleus have DNA that tells the cell to make the proper cyclins.

- Sometimes a mistake occurs in the DNA (called a mutation) that keeps the cyclins from being made. Without the correct cyclins, the cell cycle is not properly regulated and a cell can divide out of control

Mutation

C. What makes some tumors malignant? -If a tumor metastisizes, it gets cancer cells into the blood and they can be carried all over the body… getting into the brain, lungs, liver, kidneys, etc. and growing out of control

D. What causes mutations? - Mistakes in the DNA are caused by mutagens such as:

Some Chemicals (Carcinogens are mutagens that cause cancer)

E. How Can You Avoid Reduce Cancer Risk? - Avoid mutagens (carcinogens)

- Antioxidants help fight mutations from occurring in your body. You can get these from:

Vitamins A,C,E, and others

F. How Can Cancer Be Cured? - Cut out tumor

- Blast tumor with radiation - watch?v=OK7yOyI6GLI&f eature=related watch?v=OK7yOyI6GLI&f eature=related watch?v=OK7yOyI6GLI&f eature=related - watch?v=nrNC50P3s9k&f eature=related watch?v=nrNC50P3s9k&f eature=related watch?v=nrNC50P3s9k&f eature=related

- Kill metastasized with chemotherapy

Doctors who treat cancer are called oncologists