1 Habitat Habitat is the place a plant or animal lives out their life Habitat is the place a plant or animal lives out their life copyright cmassengale

2 Niche Niche Niche- role of a species in its habitatNiche- role of a species in its habitat –Like different baseball player positions A species' niche includes:A species' niche includes: –a. Habitat - where it lives in the ecosystem –b. Relationships - all interactions with other species in the ecosystem –c. Nutrition - its method of obtaining food.

Two species can share the same habitat but not the same niche Example: Ants and bacteria both live in the dirt (habitat) but have different niches. Ants eat dead insects and bacteria eat dead leaves, dead logs, and animal waste. So ants and bacteria don’t compete for the same resources.

No two species can occupy same niche at the same time. This would lead to competition. The Competitive Exclusion Principle says that…

5 Community Interactions 1. Competition 2. Predator-Prey 3. Symbiosis

6 COMPETITION * OCCURS WHEN ORGANISMS ATTEMPT TO USE SAME RESOURCES (FYI…resources : food, habitat, or mate)  creating A WINNER and A LOSER * COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE- NO TWO SPECIES CAN OCCUPY SAME NICHE Competing species must adapt or they will die. Competing species must adapt or they will die.

2 Kinds of Competition Intra- specific Competition Within a population (same species) Inter- specific Competition Between populations ( different species) Lion vs. Hyena Buck vs. Buck

8 Predation Predator and prey relationships affect food webs and chains Predator = organism that kills and eats; the hunter Prey = food; the hunted The relationship between predator and prey keeps the numbers of both communities sustainable The relationship between predator and prey

9 BATTLE AT KRUGER

So… What will happen …? 1… to the prey population, if the predator population increases? 2… to the prey population, if the predator population decreases? 3… to the predator population, if the prey population increases? 4… to the predator population, if the prey population decreases? 1… the prey population will decrease. 2… the prey population will increase. 3… the predator population will increase. 4… the predator population will decrease.

11 Symbiosis Organisms of 2 differentOrganisms of 2 different species permanently “ Living Together” 3 Types 1. Mutualism 1. Mutualism 2. Commensalism 2. Commensalism 3. Parasitism 3. Parasitism Lichens- symbiotic relationship between fungus & an alga.

12Mutualism Both species benefit due to the relationship Ex: CLOWNFISH AND SEA ANEMONE

13 Commensalism Ex: Whale and BarnaclesEx: Whale and Barnacles One member benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.

14 Parasitism one organism benefits and the other is harmed Ex: Dog and a tick Difference between predation and p pp parasitism... -P-Parasitism acts slower -P-Parasites can’t benefit from dead hosts

Let’s Review 1.What kind of symbiotic relationship does a lichen exhibit? 2.Identify 2 organisms that have a predator/prey relationship? 3.Two male gorillas compete for territory. Is this inter- specific or intra-specific competition? 4.The competitive exclusion principle says that no 2 species can occupy the same _______________. 5.What is the difference between a habitat & a niche? Symbiotic Relationship Beneficial (+) or Detrimental (-) Organism 1 Organism 2 Organism 1 Organism 2 Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism

Let’s Review 1.What kind of symbiotic relationship does a lichen exhibit? M MM Mutualism 2. Identify 2 organisms that have a predator/prey relationship? Lion & zebra; wolf & caribou 3. Two male gorillas compete for territory. Is this interspecific or intraspecific competition? Intra-specific 4. The competitive exclusion principle says that no 2 species can occupy the same niche at the same time. 5. What is the difference between a habitat & a niche? Habitat - where an organism lives; niche- its job or role within its community Symbiotic Relationship Beneficial (+) or Detrimental (-) Organism 1 Organism 2 Organism 1 Organism 2 Mutualism++ Commensalism+0 Parasitism+_

6. The diagram to the left represents a tree containing three different species of warbler, A, B and C. Each species occupies a different niche. A fourth species, D, which has the same environmental requirements as species B, enters the tree at point X. Members of species B will most likely A. live in equilibrium with species D B. move to a different level and live with species A or C C. stay at that level but change their diet D. compete with species D for resources