DO NOW: Get lab top and go to the following website immediately!!!!! kahoot.it Then enter the Game Pin!!!!! 1/21 & 1/22 Nature and Practice of WWII ~ the Pacific

FDR’s take on WWII Delivered his Quarantine Speech in which FDR called war a disease that Americans needed to avoid (quarantine) because it was deadly Instead of war, sign peace agreements Quarantine (isolate) aggressive nations Connected to America’s traditional isolation and neutrality

Neutrality Acts Attempts at avoiding US involvement in WWII but were revised in 1939 to allow FDR to sell goods and weapons to nations that paid cash and transported the goods themselves This helped the Allies and violated true neutrality But Germany was winning and we had to do something

The Great Arsenal of Democracy On Jan. 6,1941 FDR addressed Congress to propose that the US lend money to Britain: he said we must stand behind those nations (the allies) that were committed to: The 4 freedoms: 1) freedom of speech, 2) freedom of religion, 3) freedom from want, & 4) freedom from fear In March 1941 the Lend-Lease Act was signed into law… the president explained it would be like lending your neighbor a garden hose to put out a fire. In August 1941 FDR and Churchill secretly met off the coast of Newfoundland and signed the Atlantic Charter declaring their peace objectives: 1) no territorial expansion, 2) self-determination, 3) free trade, 4) cooperation among nations, 5) disarming aggressors

Lend-Lease Act Allowed FDR to sell, lease or lend defense materials to Allies Was an economic declaration of war against Axis Powers Violated neutrality In response Germany starts to attack merchant ships delivering these war materials to Britain using U-Boats …America is practically fighting in WWII with dollars not bullets

PEARL HARBOR (“A DAY THAT WILL LIVE IN INFAMY”) Pearl HarborPearl Harbor Japan relied on the US for natural resources (specifically oil) but the US ended trade (embargo) with Japan…negotiations were unsuccessful In response, General Hideki Tojo sent troops to bomb the US military base of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 A surprise attack 2,500 killed Disabled the base and supplies for six months FDR asked Congress to declare war and America enters the war with the Allies FDR SpeechFDR Speech

EFFECTS OF PEARL HARBOR America starts to restrict the rights of Japanese living in America because they were seen as disloyal Government starts to detain Japanese- Americans in internment camps (temporary imprisonment) Korematsu vs. US upheld the governments ability to use internment camps against citizens during wartime

AMERICA MOBILIZES (PREPARES FOR WAR) Huge patriotism following Pearl Harbor Attack People enlisted, gave blood, volunteered People bought war bonds to fund the war, connected to victory Women’s Army Corps (WACs): gave army jobs to women Nurses, clerical work, typists, truck drivers, etc Rosie the Riveter became symbolic for women to show their war efforts making war materials Women had to step aside when men came back from war

AMERICA MOBILIZES War Production Board: oversaw the transition of peacetime industries to war time industries in America Ford made planes not cars Other government agencies were created to distribute scarce resources, create patriotism Rationing: Americans were issued coupon books that limited the amount of certain goods they could buy

Propaganda or Patriotism?

WWII: Battlefronts Two Theaters: Europe (Germany) and Pacific (Japan)

European Theater Pacific Theater

Strategies Axis: Germany, Italy and Japan had their own goals only shared common enemies Main goal: prevent American war materials from getting into Europe…u-boats patrol seas (“wolf packs”) but sonar use will level the playing field Allies: unified in their goals…get Hitler in Europe and then turn to the Pacific Had General George Patton controlling efforts in Africa Allies attacked Italy, overthrew Mussolini and removed Hitler’s help…new gov’t declared war on Germany Russia wanted Allies to set up western front in France so Germany was fighting a two-front war

Political Cartoon Assignment Create a Political Cartoon US Foreign Policy 1930’s, Axis Powers, Allied Powers Include the following TITLE 3 MESSAGES WITHIN CARTOON 2 SENTENCE DESCRIPTION OF BOTTOM OF PAGE OR ON BACK OF PAPER

1) What was US foreign policy during the 1930s? 2) What were two examples of US supporting the Allies prior to Pearl Harbor? Define each. 3) Who made up the Axis Powers? Who made up the Allies Powers? 4) What are two examples of the US mobilizing for the war? EXIT CARD!!!

The Road to War Japan sought to control of “East Asia” for additional markets and sources of raw materials Invades China in Invades French Indochina in “Colonial” governments begin imposing embargoes to put brakes on Japanese expansion. Japanese armed forces argue that they must strike to relieve pressure of embargoes. Expect conflict, but buy time and surprise through negotiations. US and UK focused on war in Europe.

Japanese Strategy Three Phases Phase I: Surprise attacks, then strategic defense. Knock out US fleet; seize vital areas; establish defensive perimeter. Phase II: Strengthen perimeter; make any offensive action by the US prohibitively costly. Phase III: Defeat and destroy any forces that attempt to penetrate the perimeter. Long US LOC and natural strength of defense should almost guarantee success.

Historical debate of Japan’s responsibility Japan as aggressorJapan as imperial power Japan planned the war from 1930’s Japan’s willingness to negotiate was a plan to keep enemy off guard Aggressor- aim to conquer Asia Japanese declaration of war blamed US European style imperialism Japan didn’t plan for war, just took too many risks Japan was creating a sphere of influence (like US did in Latin America) Japan fought a defensive war- triggered by US embargoes. They had to act

Long term causes WWI- Japan wants to increase its influence 1915 US and Japan relations sour Japan insists on political and economic position in China US sees this as a threat to their interests 1917 Lansing-Ishii Agreement —Japan could keep the gains they made up to 1917 (recognized by US) but no more allowed China feels betrayed by US

Short term causes Sino-Japanese conflict 1937 Marco Polo bridge in Beijing—nationalism high— fighting. Large scale fighting—need for raw materials—war with US War with China leads to a complete takeover of Japanese government by the military

Immediate cause of war in Pacific US wants Japan out of China 1940 US bans exports of scrap iron to Japan Japan must import raw materials to sustain war (heavily dependent on US) Tripartite Pact Germany, Italy, Japan- “New order”, come to defense US gives loans to China, political parties eliminated in Japan Japan divided Attack USSR or South-east Asia? (Germany attacks USSR, so they go south) Leads to US, Britain, Netherlands embargo Japan will run out of oil= Pearl Harbor

Japan’s relationships GermanyUSSR USSR as enemy Tripartite Pact (keep US out of war) Hitler declares war on US 11 December 1941 Friendly with Russia After revolution (USSR) Japan feels threatened territorially and ideologically USSR supplied China 1941 Germany and USSR hostile- Japan relaxes- sign Neutrality Pact with USSR Soviets declare war on Japan Aug 1945

Is the US responsible for war in the Pacific? Using the information provided to you and your knowledge from the study of WWII last year: To what extent is the US responsible for the war in the Pacific?