Global History—Thursday December Chapter 25—The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (pages ) Topic: Industrial Revolution Aim Question: In what ways did the factory system change the way people lived and worked and were these positives or negatives? Objective: -Understand how industry changed peoples lives in Manchester -Analyze the positives and negatives effects of industrialization -Examine the working conditions through the “The Jungle” by Uptown Sinclair Agenda: -Attendance -Announcements; -Review: Industrialization, definition, and facts -Notes/Lecture on effects of industrialization -Read excerpts of “The Jungle”

Review: Industrialization Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? England

What does Rural mean? The country or from an agrarian community

During the Industrial Revolution, where did most people migrate in search of jobs in factories? Urban Communities

What powered the first machines that eventually moved trains and boats? STEAM

What are the three factors of production? Land Labor Money (capital)

Case Study: Manchester, England (Page 638)

A Case Study: Cotton Manufacturing in Manchester Great location New Technology Large urban (city) population--labor Many natural resources Many banks willing to loan money

Urbanization City building and people moving to cities.

RURAL

RURAL= the COUNTRY

City Living—the Urbanization of society URBAN

URBANIZATION

Manchester’s growth: 1760 = 45,000 people 1850 = 300, = 600,00

Why rush to the City—URBAN areas? More stable work than on the farm Opportunity in the city… “Everyone else is doing it!”— mentality …

New “classes” of people… (social classes…) Growing (upper) middle class: bourgeoisie, business owners, factory owners, professionals (accountants, lawyers), skilled workers (engineer, scientist), and entrepreneurs - not rich, and certainly not poor

… New Social Classes … Lower middle class: - factory managers, skilled machinists or craftsmen, foremen Working class: - workers in the mines, factories, low level workers, dirty workers

Living Conditions in Manchester No planning to the city No sanitary codes No building codes No public education established No garbage collection service Little police protection established Few paved streets

Manchester 1800’s living conditions

Manchester in the 1800’s

Tenement Living

Tenement or Apartment

Sleeping quarters

Urbanization = Factory Work Farm labor became Factory labor Working conditions also changed Outside work became inside work

Working Conditions Factory owners maximized the time of the worker; mostly 14 hour work days, 6 days a week Same, monotonous work (over and over again, the same movement) Factories were dark and dirty No government programs for safety of workers Many young children working

Working conditions Pottery Factory

The New Work Force

Child Labor. 8 year-old kids would spend ten hours a day in coal mines. Their little bodies fit more easy than an adult! More kids…more money!!!